|
FORMAT
BOOKS
PACKAGES
EDITION
PUBLISHER
CONTENT TYPE
Act
Admin Code
Announcements
Bill
Book
CADD File
CAN
CEU
Charter
Checklist
City Code
Code
Commentary
Comprehensive Plan
Conference Paper
County Code
Course
DHS Documents
Document
Errata
Executive Regulation
Federal Guideline
Firm Content
Guideline
Handbook
Interpretation
Journal
Land Use and Development
Law
Legislative Rule
Local Amendment
Local Code
Local Document
Local Regulation
Local Standards
Manual
Model Code
Model Standard
Notice
Ordinance
Other
Paperback
PASS
Periodicals
PIN
Plan
Policy
Product
Program
Provisions
Requirements
Revisions
Rules & Regulations
Standards
State Amendment
State Code
State Manual
State Plan
State Standards
Statute
Study Guide
Supplement
Technical Bulletin
All
|
Description of PD CEN/TS 16817-2:2015 2015This Technical Specification describes a procedure through which pollen – in particular pollen of genetically modified organisms (GMO) – can be sampled by means of bee colonies. Bee colonies, especially the foraging bees, actively roam an area and are therefore area related samplers. Pollen sampling depends on the collection activity of the bees and the availability of pollen sources within the spatial zone according to the bees' preferences (supply of melliferous plants). A colony of bees normally forages over an area of up to 5 km radius (median 1,6 km, mean 2,2 km), in rare cases some bees may also forage in greater distances up to 10 km and more [26]. Foragers fix the gathered pollen on the outside of their hind legs (pollen loads, also known as pollen pellets). Inside the hive they place these pollen loads into comb cells close to the brood nest (bee bread). Furthermore, foragers gather nectar and honeydew. Nectar contains pollen which fell from the anthers of the blossom into the nectar drop, or pollen which was dispersed by the wind and sticks in the nectar of other blossoms or adheres to the sticky honeydew of plants. Nectar and honeydew are converted to honey and stored by the bees in the beehive. Honey, pollen load and bee-bread may be used as sample matrices for the subsequent analysis of pollen as it is possible to concentrate sufficient amounts of pollen for microscopic and molecular biological diagnostics. Microscopic analysis is used to identify the various pollen types and to quantify the exposure to the target pollen types in question. GMO exposure is analysed by molecular-biological methods: For analysis of pollen DNA quantitative PCR methods are used and described here in this Technical Specification. The analysis of GMO specific proteins and toxins in pollen is possible, too, using ELISA, but to this date the method has not been evaluated enough in pollen matrices for standardization in this Technical Specification.
About BSIBSI Group, also known as the British Standards Institution is the national standards body of the United Kingdom. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and also supplies certification and standards-related services to businesses. |
GROUPS
|
|
MADCAD.com
by Compu-tecture, Inc.
|
Contact Us
3000 Connecticut Ave, NW
Suite 200
Washington, DC 20008
+1 800.798.9296
+1 202.265.1940
|
|
Partnerships
|