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Description of ASTM-E82 2009ASTM E82 - 09Standard Test Method for Determining the Orientation of a Metal CrystalActive Standard ASTM E82 | Developed by Subcommittee: E04.11 Book of Standards Volume: 03.01 ASTM E82Significance and Use
Metals and other materials are not always isotropic in their physical properties. For example, Young's modulus will vary in different crystallographic directions. Therefore, it is desirable or necessary to determine the orientation of a single crystal undergoing tests in order to ascertain the relation of any property to different directions in the material. This test method can be used commercially as a quality control test in production situations where a desired orientation, within prescribed limits, is required. With the use of an adjustable fixed holder that can later be mounted on a saw, lathe, or other machine, a single crystal material can be moved to a preferred orientation, and subsequently sectioned, ground, or processed otherwise. If grains of a polycrystalline material are large enough, this test method can be used to determine their orientations and differences in orientation. 1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the back-reflection Laue procedure for determining the orientation of a metal crystal. The back-reflection Laue method for determining crystal orientation (1, 2) may be applied to macrograins (3) (0.5-mm diameter or larger) within polycrystalline aggregates, as well as to single crystals of any size. The method is described with reference to cubic crystals; it can be applied equally well to hexagonal, tetragonal, or orthorhombic crystals. 1.2 Most natural crystals have well developed external faces, and the orientation of such crystals can usually be determined from inspection. The orientation of a crystal having poorly developed faces, or no faces at all (for example, a metal crystal prepared in the laboratory) must be determined by more elaborate methods. The most convenient and accurate of these involves the use of X-ray diffraction. The orientation of a metal crystal is known when the positions in space of the crystallographic axes of the unit cell have been located with reference to the surface geometry of the crystal specimen. This relation between unit cell position and surface geometry is most conveniently expressed by stereographic or gnomonic projection. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ASTM Standards E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens Keywords back reflection Laue X-ray; hyperbolic chart; metal crystal; orientation; polar chart; standard projection; X-ray diffraction; Back-reflection Laue method; Crystallographic characteristics; Laue method; Metal crystals; Nondestructive evaluation (NDE)--Laue method; Orientation; X-ray diffraction analysis; ICS Code ICS Number Code 77.040.99 (Other methods of testing metals) DOI: 10.1520/E0082-09 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM E82This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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