1. Scope

1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the ability of photovoltaic modules to withstand impact forces of falling hail. Propelled ice balls are used to simulate falling hailstones.

1.2 This test method defines test specimens and methods for mounting specimens, specifies impact locations on each test specimen, provides an equation for determining the velocity of any size ice ball, provides a method for impacting the test specimens with ice balls, provides a method for determining changes in electrical performance, and specifies parameters that must be recorded and reported.

1.3 This test method does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable levels of ice ball impact resistance is beyond the scope of this test method.

1.4 The size of the ice ball to be used in conducting this test is not specified. This test method can be used with various sizes of ice balls.

1.5 This test method may be applied to concentrator and nonconcentrator modules.

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, refer to 5.1, Section 6, Note 8, and Note 9.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion

E822 Practice for Determining Resistance of Solar Collector Covers to Hail by Impact With Propelled Ice Balls

E1036 Test Methods for Electrical Performance of Nonconcentrator Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays Using Reference Cells

E1462 Test Methods for Insulation Integrity and Ground Path Continuity of Photovoltaic Modules

Keywords

hail resistance; ice ball impact testing; modules; photovoltaics; solar energy; Hail; Ice; Ice balls; Impact resistance; Photovoltaic (PV) power systems; Propelled ice balls; Solar collectors;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 27.160 (Solar energy engineering)

DOI: 10.1520/E1038-98

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