Significance and Use
4.1 Suspended-sediment samples contain particles with a wide variety of physical characteristics. By presenting alternate approaches, these test methods allow latitude in selecting analysis
methods that work best with the particular samples under study.
4.2 Sediment-concentration data are used for many purposes that include: ( 1 ) computing suspended-sediment discharges of streams
or sediment yields of watersheds, ( 2 ) scheduling treatments of industrial and domestic water supplies, and ( 3 ) estimating discharges of pesticides, plant nutrients, and heavy metals transported on surfaces or inside sediment particles.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of sediment concentrations in water and wastewater samples collected from lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, and other water bodies. In lakes
and other quiescent-water bodies, concentrations of sediment in samples are nearly equal to concentrations at sampling points; in most instances, sample concentrations are not strongly
influenced by collection techniques. In rivers and other flowing-water bodies, concentrations of sediment in samples depend upon the manner in which the samples are collected.
Concentrations in isokinetically-collected samples can be multiplied by water discharges to obtain sediment discharges in the vicinity of the sampling points.
1.2 The procedures given in these test methods are used by the Agricultural Research Service, Geological Survey, National Resources Conservation Service, Bureau of Reclamation, and other
agencies responsible for studying water bodies. These test methods are adapted from a laboratory-procedure manual and a
quality-assurance plan.
1.3 These test methods include:
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Sections
|
Test Method AEvaporation
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8 to 13
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Test Method BFiltration
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14 to 19
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Test Method CWet-sieving-filtration
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20 to 25
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1.4 Test Method A can be used only on sediments that settle within the allotted storage time of the samples which usually ranges from a few days to a few weeks. A correction factor must be
applied if dissolved-solids concentration exceeds about 10?% of the sediment concentration.
1.5 Test Method B can be used only on samples containing sand concentrations less than about 10?000 ppm and clay concentrations less than about 200 ppm. The sediment need not be settleable
because filters are used to separate water from the sediment. Correction factors for dissolved solids are not required.
1.6 Test Method C can be used if two concentration values are required: one for sand-size particles and one for the combination of silt and clay-size particles. The silt-clay fraction need
not be settleable.
1.7 These test methods must not be confused with turbidity measurements discussed in Test Method D1889 . Turbidity is the optical property of a sample that causes light rays to be scattered
and absorbed; it is not an accurate measure of the mass or concentration of sediment in the sample.
1.8 These test methods contain some procedures similar to those in Test Methods D1888 which pertains to measuring particulate and dissolved matter in water.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matter in Water
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
Keywords
fluvial sediment; sediment; sediment concentration ;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 13.060.30 (Sewage water)
DOI: 10.1520/D3977-97R13
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
ASTM D3977