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440.7R-10 Guide for Design & Constr of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures, 2010
- MAIN MENU
- MAIN MENU
- CONTENTS
- CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE [Go to Page]
- 1.1— Introduction
- 1.1— Introduction
- 1.2—Scope
- 1.2—Scope
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS [Go to Page]
- 2.1—Notation
- 2.1—Notation
- 2.2—Definitions
- 2.2—Definitions
- CHAPTER 3— CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
- CHAPTER 3— CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES [Go to Page]
- 3.1—Constituent materials
- 3.1—Constituent materials [Go to Page]
- 3.1.1 Resins
- 3.1.1 Resins [Go to Page]
- 3.1.1.1 Primer
- 3.1.1.1 Primer
- 3.1.1.2 Putty fillers
- 3.1.1.2 Putty fillers
- 3.1.1.3 Saturating resin
- 3.1.1.3 Saturating resin
- 3.1.1.4 Adhesives
- 3.1.1.4 Adhesives
- 3.1.2 Fibers
- 3.1.2 Fibers
- 3.1.3 Protective coatings
- 3.1.3 Protective coatings
- 3.2—Physical properties
- 3.2—Physical properties [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Density
- 3.2.1 Density
- 3.2.2 Coefficient of thermal expansion
- 3.2.2 Coefficient of thermal expansion
- 3.2.3 Effect of high temperature
- 3.2.3 Effect of high temperature
- 3.3—Mechanical properties
- 3.3—Mechanical properties [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1 Tensile behavior
- 3.3.1 Tensile behavior
- 3.3.2 Compressive behavior
- 3.3.2 Compressive behavior
- 3.4—Time-dependent behavior
- 3.4—Time-dependent behavior [Go to Page]
- 3.4.1 Creep rupture
- 3.4.1 Creep rupture
- 3.4.2 Fatigue
- 3.4.2 Fatigue
- 3.5—Durability
- 3.5—Durability
- 3.6—Fiber-reinforced polymer system qualification
- 3.6—Fiber-reinforced polymer system qualification
- CHAPTER 4— SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
- CHAPTER 4— SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING [Go to Page]
- 4.1— Shipping
- 4.1— Shipping
- 4.2—Storage
- 4.2—Storage [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Storage conditions
- 4.2.1 Storage conditions
- 4.2.2 Shelf life
- 4.2.2 Shelf life
- 4.3—Handling
- 4.3—Handling [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Material safety data sheet
- 4.3.1 Material safety data sheet
- 4.3.2 Information sources
- 4.3.2 Information sources
- 4.3.3 General handling hazard
- 4.3.3 General handling hazard
- 4.3.4 Personnel safe handling and clothing
- 4.3.4 Personnel safe handling and clothing
- 4.3.5 Workplace safe handling
- 4.3.5 Workplace safe handling
- 4.3.6 Clean-up and disposal
- 4.3.6 Clean-up and disposal
- CHAPTER 5— INSTALLATION
- CHAPTER 5— INSTALLATION [Go to Page]
- 5.1—Contractor competency
- 5.1—Contractor competency
- 5.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations
- 5.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations
- 5.3—Equipment
- 5.3—Equipment
- 5.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation
- 5.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 Substrate repair
- 5.4.1 Substrate repair
- 5.4.2 Surface preparation
- 5.4.2 Surface preparation [Go to Page]
- 5.4.2.1 Surface preparation for externally bonded FRP laminates
- 5.4.2.1 Surface preparation for externally bonded FRP laminates
- 5.4.2.2 Surface preparation for NSM FRP bars
- 5.4.2.2 Surface preparation for NSM FRP bars
- 5.5—Resin mixing
- 5.5—Resin mixing
- 5.6—Application of constituent materials
- 5.6—Application of constituent materials [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 Primer and putty
- 5.6.1 Primer and putty
- 5.6.2 Wet layup systems
- 5.6.2 Wet layup systems
- 5.6.3 Precured systems
- 5.6.3 Precured systems
- 5.6.4 Near-surface-mounted systems
- 5.6.4 Near-surface-mounted systems
- 5.6.5 Protective coatings
- 5.6.5 Protective coatings
- 5.7—Alignment of FRP materials
- 5.7—Alignment of FRP materials
- 5.8—Multiple plies and lap splices
- 5.8—Multiple plies and lap splices
- 5.9—Resins curing
- 5.9—Resins curing
- 5.10—Temporary protection
- 5.10—Temporary protection
- CHAPTER 6— INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE
- CHAPTER 6— INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE [Go to Page]
- 6.1—Inspection
- 6.1—Inspection
- 6.2—Evaluation and acceptance
- 6.2—Evaluation and acceptance [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Materials
- 6.2.1 Materials
- 6.2.2 Fiber orientations
- 6.2.2 Fiber orientations
- 6.2.3 Delaminations
- 6.2.3 Delaminations
- 6.2.4 Cure of resins
- 6.2.4 Cure of resins
- 6.2.5 Adhesion strength
- 6.2.5 Adhesion strength
- 6.2.6 Cured thickness
- 6.2.6 Cured thickness
- CHAPTER 7— MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
- CHAPTER 7— MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR [Go to Page]
- 7.1—General
- 7.1—General
- 7.2—Inspection and assessment
- 7.2—Inspection and assessment [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 General inspection
- 7.2.1 General inspection
- 7.2.2 Assessment
- 7.2.2 Assessment
- 7.3—Repair of strengthening system
- 7.3—Repair of strengthening system
- 7.4—Repair of surface coating
- 7.4—Repair of surface coating
- CHAPTER 8— GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- CHAPTER 8— GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [Go to Page]
- 8.1— Design philosophy
- 8.1— Design philosophy
- 8.2—Strengthening limits
- 8.2—Strengthening limits
- 8.3—Design material properties
- 8.3—Design material properties
- 8.4—Effective strain and stress in the FRP reinforcement at the strength limit state
- 8.4—Effective strain and stress in the FRP reinforcement at the strength limit state [Go to Page]
- 8.4.1 Effective strain for flexure-controlled failure modes
- 8.4.1 Effective strain for flexure-controlled failure modes
- 8.4.2 Effective strain for shear-controlled failure modes
- 8.4.2 Effective strain for shear-controlled failure modes
- CHAPTER 9— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR OUT- OF- PLANE LOADS
- CHAPTER 9— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR OUT- OF- PLANE LOADS [Go to Page]
- 9.1— Background information
- 9.1— Background information
- 9.2—General considerations
- 9.2—General considerations [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 Assumptions
- 9.2.1 Assumptions
- 9.2.2 Shear strength
- 9.2.2 Shear strength
- 9.3—Existing wall strength
- 9.3—Existing wall strength [Go to Page]
- 9.3.1 Flexural and axial strength
- 9.3.1 Flexural and axial strength
- 9.3.2 Shear strength
- 9.3.2 Shear strength
- 9.4—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads
- 9.4—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 Failure modes
- 9.4.1 Failure modes
- 9.4.2 Strain level in the FRP reinforcement
- 9.4.2 Strain level in the FRP reinforcement
- 9.4.3 Stress level in the FRP reinforcement
- 9.4.3 Stress level in the FRP reinforcement
- 9.4.4 Flexural strength computation
- 9.4.4 Flexural strength computation
- 9.5—Serviceability
- 9.5—Serviceability
- 9.6—Creep rupture stress limits
- 9.6—Creep rupture stress limits
- CHAPTER 10— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR IN- PLANE LOADS
- CHAPTER 10— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR IN- PLANE LOADS [Go to Page]
- 10.1— Background information
- 10.1— Background information
- 10.2—General considerations
- 10.2—General considerations
- 10.3—Existing wall strength
- 10.3—Existing wall strength
- 10.4—Nominal shear strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads
- 10.4—Nominal shear strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads
- 10.5—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced walls subjected to in-plane loads
- 10.5—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced walls subjected to in-plane loads
- 10.6—Wall strengthening for shear and flexure
- 10.6—Wall strengthening for shear and flexure
- CHAPTER 11— DETAILING
- CHAPTER 11— DETAILING [Go to Page]
- 11.1— General requirements
- 11.1— General requirements
- 11.2—Fiber-reinforced polymer debonding
- 11.2—Fiber-reinforced polymer debonding [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Externally bonded FRP systems
- 11.2.1 Externally bonded FRP systems
- 11.2.2 NSM FRP systems
- 11.2.2 NSM FRP systems
- 11.2.3 Development length
- 11.2.3 Development length
- 11.3—Spacing limits
- 11.3—Spacing limits [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 Out-of-plane flexural reinforcement
- 11.3.1 Out-of-plane flexural reinforcement
- 11.3.2 In-plane shear reinforcement
- 11.3.2 In-plane shear reinforcement
- 11.4—Anchorages of FRP reinforcement
- 11.4—Anchorages of FRP reinforcement [Go to Page]
- 11.4.1 Externally bonded FRP systems
- 11.4.1 Externally bonded FRP systems
- 11.4.2 NSM FRP systems
- 11.4.2 NSM FRP systems
- 11.5—Alternate forms of anchoring
- 11.5—Alternate forms of anchoring [Go to Page]
- 11.5.1 Embedded mechanical anchoring
- 11.5.1 Embedded mechanical anchoring
- 11.5.2 External steel anchors
- 11.5.2 External steel anchors
- 11.6—Load path continuity
- 11.6—Load path continuity
- 11.7—Splices
- 11.7—Splices
- CHAPTER 12— DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS
- CHAPTER 12— DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS [Go to Page]
- 12.1— Engineering requirements
- 12.1— Engineering requirements
- 12.2—Drawings and specifications
- 12.2—Drawings and specifications
- 12.3—Submittals
- 12.3—Submittals [Go to Page]
- 12.3.1 Fiber-reinforced polymer system manufacturer
- 12.3.1 Fiber-reinforced polymer system manufacturer
- 12.3.2 Fiber-reinforced polymer system installation contractor
- 12.3.2 Fiber-reinforced polymer system installation contractor
- 12.3.3 Fiber-reinforced polymer system inspection agency
- 12.3.3 Fiber-reinforced polymer system inspection agency
- CHAPTER 13— DESIGN EXAMPLES
- CHAPTER 13— DESIGN EXAMPLES [Go to Page]
- 13.1—Increasing the flexural capacity of a wall subjected to out-of-plane loads
- 13.1—Increasing the flexural capacity of a wall subjected to out-of-plane loads
- 13.2—Increasing the lateral capacity of a wall subjected to in-plane loads
- 13.2—Increasing the lateral capacity of a wall subjected to in-plane loads
- CHAPTER 14— REFERENCES
- CHAPTER 14— REFERENCES [Go to Page]
- 14.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 14.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 14.2—Cited references
- 14.2—Cited references [Go to Page]