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IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits, 1993
- Title Page
- Introduction
- CONTENTS
- C62.11-1993.pdf [Go to Page]
- IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Power Circuits [Go to Page]
- 1. Scope
- 2. References
- 3. Definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 arrester: See: surge arrester.
- 3.2 arrester disconnector: A means for disconnecting an arrester in anticipation of, or after, a ...
- 3.3 arrester, distribution, heavy duty class: An arrester normally used to protect overhead distr...
- 3.4 arrester, distribution, normal duty class: An arrester normally used to protect overhead dist...
- 3.5 arrester, distribution, light duty class: An arrester normally installed on and used to prote...
- 3.6 arrester, deadfront type: An arrester assembled in a shielded housing providing system insula...
- 3.7 arrester, liquid-immersed type: An arrester designed for use immersed in an insulating liquid.
- 3.8 arrester, riser pole type: An arrester for pole mounting normally used to protect underground...
- 3.9 arrester unit: Any section of a multi-unit arrester.
- 3.10 basic impulse insulation level (BIL): A reference impulse insulation strength expressed in t...
- 3.11 certification tests: Tests run on a regular, periodic basis to verify that selected, key per...
- 3.12 classification of arresters: Arrester classification is determined by prescribed test requir...
- 3.13 conformance tests: Tests made, when required, to demonstrate selected performance characteri...
- 3.14 classifying current: The designated current used to perform the classification tests.
- 3.15 cracking: The rupture of the weathershed material to depths greater than 0.1 mm.
- 3.16 crest (peak) value (of a wave, surge, or impulse): The maximum value that a wave, surge, or ...
- 3.17 current, normal lightning: Lightning currents of 65 kA or less.
- 3.18 current, severe lightning: Lightning currents greater than 65 kA but not greater than 100 kA.
- 3.19 deflector: A means for directing the flow of the gas discharge from the vent of the arrester.
- 3.20 design tests: Tests made on each design to establish the performance characteristics and to ...
- 3.21 discharge counter: A means for recording the number of arrester discharge operations.
- 3.22 discharge current: The surge current that flows through an arrester.
- 3.23 discharge indicator: A means for indicating that the arrester has discharged.
- 3.24 discharge voltage: The voltage that appears across the terminals of an arrester during passa...
- 3.25 discharge voltage-current characteristic: The variation of the crest values of discharge vol...
- 3.26 discharge withstand current: The specified magnitude and wave shape of a discharge current t...
- 3.27 disruptive discharge: The sudden and large increase in current through an insulating medium,...
- 3.28 duty-cycle voltage rating: The designated maximum permissible voltage between its terminals ...
- 3.29 fault current: The current from the connected power system that flows in a short circuit.
- 3.30 flashover: A disruptive discharge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator.
- 3.31 front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage: The impulse sparkover voltage with a wavefront that...
- 3.32 gapless: Not possessing gaps, series, or parallel as in “gapless arrester.”
- 3.33 grading or control ring: A metal part, usually circular or oval in shape, mounted to modify ...
- 3.34 ground terminal: The conducting part provided for connecting the arrester to ground.
- 3.35 impulse: A surge of unidirectional polarity.
- 3.36 impulse protective level: For a defined wave shape, the higher of the maximum sparkover valu...
- 3.37 impulse protective volt-time characteristic: The discharge-voltage time response of the devi...
- 3.38 impulse sparkover voltage: The highest value of voltage attained by an impulse of a designat...
- 3.39 impulse sparkover volt-time characteristic: The gap sparkover response of the device to impu...
- 3.40 impulse withstand voltage: The crest value of an impulse that, under specified conditions, c...
- 3.41 indoor arrester: An arrester that, because of its construction, must be protected from the w...
- 3.42 ionization current: The electric current resulting from the movement of electric charges in ...
- 3.43 ionization voltage: A high-frequency voltage appearing at the terminals of an arrester, gene...
- 3.44 lightning: An electric discharge that occurs in the atmosphere between clouds or between clo...
- 3.45 lightning surge: A transient electric disturbance in an electric circuit caused by lightning.
- 3.46 line terminal: The conducting part of the arrestor provided for connecting the arrester to t...
- 3.47 maximum continuous operating voltage (MCOV): The maximum designated root-mean-square (rms) v...
- 3.48 maximum system voltage: The highest voltage at which a system is operated.
- 3.49 metal-oxide surge arrester (MOSA): A surge arrester utilizing valve elements fabricated from...
- 3.50 nominal rate of rise (of an impulse wavefront): The slope of the line that determines the vi...
- 3.51 nominal system voltage: A nominal value assigned to designate a system of a given voltage cl...
- 3.52 operating duty cycle: One or more unit operations, as specified.
- 3.53 oscillatory surge: A surge that includes both positive and negative polarity values.
- 3.54 outdoor arrester: An arrester that is designed for outdoor use.
- 3.55 power-frequency sparkover voltage: The rms value of the lowest power-frequency sinusoidal vo...
- 3.56 power-frequency withstand voltage: A specified rms test voltage at power frequency that will...
- 3.57 production tests: See: routine tests.
- 3.58 prorated section: A complete, suitably housed part of an arrester, comprising all necessary ...
- 3.59 puncture: Term used when a disruptive discharge occurs through a solid dielectric. A disrupt...
- 3.60 rating: The designation of an operating limit for a device.
- 3.61 radio-influence voltage (RIV): A high-frequency voltage, generated by all sources of ionizat...
- 3.62 reference current (Iref): The peak value of the resistive component of a power frequency cur...
- 3.63 reference voltage (Vref): The lowest peak value independent of polarity of power frequency v...
- 3.64 routine tests: Tests made by the manufacturer on every device or representative samples, or ...
- 3.65 series gap: Intentional gap(s) between spaced electrodes in series with the valve elements a...
- 3.66 shunt gap: Intentional gap(s) between spaced electrodes that is electrically in parallel wit...
- 3.67 sparkover: A disruptive discharge between electrodes of a measuring gap, voltage-control gap...
- 3.68 surge: A transient wave of current, potential, or power in an electric circuit.
- 3.69 surge arrester: A protective device for limiting surge voltages on equipment by diverting su...
- 3.70 system voltage: The rms power-frequency voltage from line-to-line as distinguished from the ...
- 3.71 terminals: The conducting parts provided for connecting the arrester across the insulation t...
- 3.72 time-to-impulse sparkover: The time between virtual zero of the voltage impulse causing spar...
- 3.73 tracking: Irreversible degradation of surface material from the formation of conductive carb...
- 3.74 unit operation: A discharge of a surge through an arrester while the arrester is energized.
- 3.75 valve arrester: An arrester that includes one or more valve elements.
- 3.76 valve element: A resistor that because of its nonlinear current-voltage characteristic, limi...
- 3.77 vent: An intentional opening for the escape of gases to the outside.
- 3.78 virtual duration of wavefront (of an impulse): The virtual value for the duration of the wav...
- 3.79 virtual zero point (of an impulse): The intersection with the time axis of a straight line d...
- 3.80 wave: The variation with time of current, potential, or power at any point in an electric ci...
- 3.81 wavefront (of a surge or impulse): That part that occurs prior to the crest value.
- 3.82 wave shape (of an impulse test wave): The graph of the wave as a function of time.
- 3.83 wave shape designation (of an impulse):
- 3.84 wave tail (of an impulse): That part between the crest value and the end of the impulse.
- 4. Service conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Usual service conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Physical conditions
- 4.1.2 System conditions
- 4.2 Unusual service conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Physical conditions
- 4.2.2 System conditions
- 5. Standard voltage ratings: Duty-cycle voltage and MCOV [Go to Page]
- Table 1— Arrester Ratings in (kV) rms
- 6. Performance characteristics and tests [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Insulation withstand tests
- 6.2 Power-frequency sparkover tests
- 6.3 Discharge-voltage tests
- 6.4 Impulse protective level tests
- 6.5 Discharge-current withstand tests
- 6.6 Duty-cycle test
- 6.7 Radio-influence voltage test
- 6.8 Internal-ionization voltage test
- 6.9 Pressure-relief/fault-current withstand tests
- 6.10 Contamination tests
- 6.11 Disconnector tests
- 6.12 Accelerated aging procedure
- 6.13 Failure mode tests
- 6.14 Temporary overvoltage tests
- 6.15 Seal integrity design test
- 7. Test procedures [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Complete arrester test specimens
- 7.2 Prorated arrester test section [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Prorating for discharge voltage tests
- 7.2.2 Prorating for design tests involving demonstration of thermal recovery [Go to Page]
- (reference voltage scaling factor)
- (metal-oxide volume scaling factor)
- 7.2.2.1 Outdoor arresters
- 7.2.2.2 Liquid-immersed arresters
- 7.3 Test measurements
- 7.4 Impulse test-wave tolerances
- 7.5 Power-frequency test voltages
- 8. Design tests [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Arrester insulation withstand tests
- 8.2 Power-frequency sparkover test
- 8.3 Discharge-voltage characteristics
- 8.4 Impulse protective level voltage-time characteristic
- 8.5 Accelerated aging procedure
- 8.6 Discharge-current withstand tests
- 8.7 Duty-cycle tests
- 8.8 Internal-ionization volatge and radio-influence voltage (RIV) tests
- 8.9 Pressure-relief tests for station and intermediate arresters
- 8.10 Fault-current withstand tests for distribution surge arresters
- 8.11 Distribution arrester disconnector tests
- 8.12 COntamination test
- 8.13 Failure mode test for liquid-immersed arresters
- 8.14 Deadfront arrester failure mode
- 8.15 Temporary overvoltage (TOV) tests
- 8.16 Accelerated aging tests of external polymeric insulating systems
- 8.17. Distribution class surge arrester seal integrity design test
- 9. Conformance tests of valve arresters [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Power-Frequency sparkover test
- 9.2 Front-of-wave impulse protective level
- 9.3 Discharge-voltage test
- 9.4 Internal-ionization voltage and radio-influence voltage (RIV) test
- 10. Construction [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Identification data
- 10.2 Standard mountings
- 10.3 Iron and steel parts
- 10.4 Terminal connections
- 10.5 Housing leakage distance
- 11. Protective characteristics
- 12. Certification test procedures arresters applied to unit substations [Go to Page]
- 12.1 General
- 12.2 Tests
- 12.3 Evaluation procedure
- 12.4 Certification
- 12.5 Production monitoring and product retest requirements
- 13. Routine tests [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Current sharing test
- 13.2 Discharge volatage test
- 13.3 Ionization voltage test
- 13.4 Seal test
- 13.5 Power frequency test
- 13.6 Power frequency sparkover
- Annex A—Basis for accelerated aging procedure
- Annex B—Surge arrester classification prescribed test requirements [Go to Page]