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IEEE/CSA Standard for Impedance Heating of Pipelines and Equipment - General, Testing, Marking, and Documentation Requirements, 2019
- IEEE Std 844.3-2019/CSA C22.2 No. 293.3:19 Front Cover
- Title page
- Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
- CSA Group Legal Notice for Standards
- IEEE Participants
- CSA Group Participants
- Untitled
- IEEE Introduction
- CSA Preface
- Contents
- 1. Overview [Go to Page]
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 Scope
- 1.3 Purpose
- 1.4 Typical applications [Go to Page]
- 1.4.1 General
- 1.4.2 Solidification prevention
- 1.4.3 Viscosity maintenance
- 1.4.4 Process heating
- 1.4.5 Condensation prevention
- 1.4.6 Re-melting solidified fluids
- 1.4.7 Terminology
- 2. Normative references
- 3. Definitions
- 4. General requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Principle of operation
- 4.2 System [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 General [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.1 Material and construction requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.1.1 Insulation dielectric
- 4.2.2.1.2 Jackets, wraps, braids, and conductors
- 4.2.2.2 Field connections and terminations
- 4.2.2 Impedence insulated conductor
- 4.3 Electrical circuit protection
- 4.4 Temperature requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 General
- 4.4.2 Explosive atmospheres [Go to Page]
- 4.4.2.1 General
- 4.4.2.2 Stabilized design
- 4.4.2.3 Controlled design [Go to Page]
- 4.4.2.3.1 General
- 4.4.2.3.2 Requirements for temperature control devices for equipment protection levels Gc and Dc (traditional relationship to Zone 2 and Zone 22, respectively)
- 4.5 Grounding and isolation
- 4.6 Isolation transformers
- 4.7 Additional general requirements for Canada
- 5. Testing requirements [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Type tests [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 General
- 5.2.2 Conductor resistance
- 5.2.3 Tests of aluminum conductors (physical properties)
- 5.2.4 Long-term insulation resistance in water
- 5.2.5 Long-term insulation resistance in air for 90 °C rated conductors
- 5.2.6 Capacitance and relative permittivity
- 5.2.7 Conductor corrosion
- 5.2.8 Insulation fall-in
- 5.2.9 Heat shock of thermoplastic jacket
- 5.2.10 Flexibility of separator under a thermoplastic jacket
- 5.2.11 Cold bend
- 5.2.12 Cold impact
- 5.2.13 Deformation [Go to Page]
- 5.2.13.1 Thermoplastic jackets
- 5.2.13.2 XL insulations
- 5.2.14 Hot-creep elongation and hot-creep set
- 5.2.15 Flame and smoke [Go to Page]
- 5.2.15.1 FT2/FH/Horizontal flame (XHH, XHHW, XHHW-2, RHH, RHW, RHW-2, and Non-XL Insulated Types R90, RW75, RW90, RWU75, and RWU90)
- 5.2.15.2 Burning particles (dropping) (R90, RW75, RW90, RWU75, and RWU90)
- 5.2.15.3 FT1
- 5.2.15.4 FV-2/VW-1
- 5.2.16 Weather (sunlight) resistance
- 5.2.17 Crushing resistance
- 5.2.18 Dielectric breakdown after glancing impact
- 5.2.19 Durability of ink printing
- 5.2.20 AC spark test
- 5.2.21 Dielectric voltage-withstand in water
- 5.2.22 Insulation resistance in water at 15 °C
- 5.2.23 Electrical continuity
- 5.2.25 Power output and system impedance verification [Go to Page]
- 5.2.25.1 General
- 5.2.25.2 Apparatus
- 5.2.26 Verification of component temperatures
- 5.3 Routine testing [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 General
- 5.3.2 Dielectric tests [Go to Page]
- 5.3.2.1 General
- 5.3.2.2 Dielectric spark test
- 5.3.2.3 AC dielectric test
- 5.3.2.4 DC dielectric test
- 6. Marking requirements [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Packaging
- 6.2 Insulated impedance conductor
- 6.3 Weather barrier
- 6.4 Guard marking requirements for systems above 30 Vac [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Isolation transformer output voltage greater than 30 volts ac, but no more than 80 volts ac
- 6.4.2 Isolation transformer output voltage greater than 80 volts ac, but no more than 132 volts ac
- 7. Documentation
- Annex A (informative)Bibliography
- Annex B (normative) Requirements for Class I, II, and III Division 2 Hazardous (Classified) Areas [Go to Page]
- B.1 Application
- B.2 General
- B.3 Control and temperature requirements [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 General
- B.3.2 Stabilized design
- B.3.3 Controlled design
- B.4 Requirements for protective device in Division 2
- B.5 Weather barrier requirements
- B.6 Type tests [Go to Page]
- B.6.1 Division 2 equipment
- B.6.2 Verification of surface temperatures
- B.7 Marking
- B.8 Instructions [Go to Page]
- B.8.1 Installation verification requirements
- Annex C (normative) Impedance heating system requirements for Class I, Zone 2; Zone 2; and Zone 22 [Go to Page]
- C.1 Additions and exclusions
- C.2 Weather barrier requirements
- C.3 Additional requirements for Zone 2 areas
- Annex D (normative) Impedance heating system design verification methodology [Go to Page]
- D.1 Introduction
- D.2 Design methodology and selection of impedance heaters
- D.3 Stabilized design calculations for the workpiece
- D.4 Impedance heating system workpiece performance and equilibrium conditions
- D.5 Heat loss calculations
- D.6 Heat-loss design safety factor
- D.7 Maximum temperature determination [Go to Page]
- D.7.1 General
- D.7.2 Theoretical pipe temperature calculations
- D.7.3 Surface temperature—Metallic applications using a temperature limiter control sensing the heated workpiece
- D.7.4 Sheath temperature calculations
- Annex E (normative) Insulated impedance conductor reference tables
- Annex F (normative) Formula for calculating insulation resistance
- Annex G (normative) Alternative national markings [Go to Page]
- G.1 General
- G.2 Markings on packaging (subclause 6.1)
- G.3 Markings on wire (subclause 6.2) [Go to Page]