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PD ISO/TR 10064-1:2017 Code of inspection practice - Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks, 2017
- National foreword
- Foreword
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
- 4 General considerations
- 4.1 Background
- 4.2 Required inspection information
- 4.3 Measurement selection
- 4.3.1 Substitution of measurement methods
- 4.3.2 First piece inspection
- 4.3.3 Sampling and statistical process control
- 5 Conventions and measurement positions
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Datum axis
- 5.3 Left or right flank
- 5.4 Left hand or right hand helical gears
- 5.5 Numbering of teeth and flanks
- 5.6 Numbering of pitches
- 5.7 Number of pitches “k” in a deviation symbol subscript
- 6 Types of measuring equipment and principle
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Measurement methods
- 6.2.1 Generative measurement methods
- 6.2.2 Non-generative measurement methods
- 6.2.3 Pitch measurement methods
- 6.2.4 Hand-held pitch measuring devices
- 6.2.5 Radial runout measurement
- 6.2.6 Computer tomography methods for small gears
- 6.2.7 Optical devices for small spur gears
- 6.3 Calibration of equipment
- 6.4 Tooth thickness, differences between CNC/CMM and manual measurement
- 6.5 “In-process” gear measurement on manufacturing machines
- 6.6 Gear mounting
- 6.7 Example output format from a CNC GMM
- 6.7.1 General
- 6.7.2 Example evaluations of modified helices and profiles
- 7 Recommended measurement procedure and good measurement practice
- 7.1 Measurement procedure
- 7.2 Probe problems when measuring aluminium parts
- 7.3 Suitable artefacts for calibration of measuring machines
- 8 Inspection procedures for gears that are too large for gear inspection machines
- 8.1 General
- 8.2 Profile inspection using portable device
- 8.2.1 Disassembly of segments
- 8.2.2 Measurement by portable gear inspection device using coordinates
- 8.2.3 Profile inspection by gear tooth caliper
- 8.3 Inspection of helix form deviation
- 8.3.1 Inspection of helix form deviation on the gear cutting machine
- 8.3.2 Straightness inspection using a cylinder
- 8.3.3 Inspection of the tooth contact pattern
- 8.4 Inspection of the pitch
- 8.4.1 Calculation of pitch
- 8.4.2 Inspection using an automatic device on the cutting machine: inspection of the single circular pitch and the cumulative pitch deviation
- 8.4.3 Manual inspection: inspection of base pitch, pb, and base pitch deviations, fpb
- 8.5 Measuring tooth thickness
- 8.6 Measuring gear radial runout and axial runout of reference surfaces
- 9 Measurement analysis — Profile, helix, pitch and radial runout
- 9.1 Profile
- 9.1.1 Profile deviation
- 9.1.2 Profile deviation diagram
- 9.1.3 Evaluation of profile diagrams
- 9.1.4 Algebraic signs of fHα, fb and fα
- 9.1.5 Mean profile slope deviation, fHαm
- 9.2 Helix
- 9.2.1 General
- 9.2.2 Helix deviation diagram
- 9.2.3 Evaluation of helix diagrams
- 9.2.4 Algebraic signs of fHβ and fβ
- 9.2.5 Machine corrections based on mean helix slope deviation, fHβm
- 9.3 Pitch
- 9.3.1 Pitch deviation
- 9.3.2 Pitch deviation measurement
- 9.3.3 Relationships of pitch parameters and measuring methods
- 9.3.4 Calculation of cumulative pitch (index), Fp
- 9.3.5 Calculation of single pitch, fpi
- 9.3.6 Calculation of total cumulative pitch deviation, Fp
- 9.3.7 Calculation of sector pitch deviation, Fpk
- 9.3.8 Segment gear measurement
- 9.4 Radial runout, determining eccentricity
- 9.4.1 Measuring principle
- 9.4.2 Evaluation of measurement
- 10 Interpretation of profile, helix, pitch and radial runout results
- 10.1 Interpreting measurement results
- 10.2 Procedure for interpreting measurement results
- 10.3 Recognition of common manufacturing errors
- 10.3.1 General
- 10.3.2 Example of a profile with pressure angle deviation
- 10.3.3 Example of profile deviations with varying pressure angle deviation
- 10.3.4 Hob runout or shaping cutter deflection
- 10.3.5 Consistent mean helix slope deviation
- 10.3.6 Helix slope variation
- 10.3.7 Profile control diameter not achieved
- 10.3.8 Variation in profile non-clean up and profile control diameter not achieved
- 10.3.9 Pitch results with radial runout of the gear blank
- 10.3.10 Pitch with indexing deviations
- 10.3.11 Pitch with repeating deviation patterns that may cause noise
- 11 Single flank composite testing
- 11.1 Single flank composite testing principle
- 11.2 Single flank composite test
- 11.2.1 Single flank test setup
- 11.2.2 Single flank composite deviations
- 11.3 Single flank measurement with master gear
- 11.3.1 Master gear requirements
- 11.3.2 Influence of profile deviations
- 11.3.3 Influence of pitch deviations
- 11.3.4 Influence of helix deviations
- 11.4 Single flank measurement of product gear pair
- 11.4.1 Differences between tests with a master gear and between two product gears
- 11.4.2 Identification and location of defects
- 11.4.3 Selective meshing of gears
- 11.5 Data analysis by the Fourier transform method
- 12 Additional measurements
- 12.1 Flank measurements
- 12.1.1 General
- 12.1.2 Twist measurement
- 12.1.3 Topographical measurement
- 12.1.4 Undulations
- 12.2 Surface roughness measurement
- 12.3 Tooth root fillet radius measurement
- 13 Filters and data density
- 13.1 General
- 13.2 Examples of filtered results
- 13.3 Working principle of the Gauss 50 % filter
- 13.4 Filter limitations
- 14 Additional calculations
- 14.1 Calculation of single pitch deviation, fpt, from normal base pitch measurements
- 14.2 Additional calculations for normal base pitch measurements
- 14.2.1 Included parameters
- 14.2.2 Calculation of normal base pitch deviation, fpbn
- 14.2.3 Calculation of mean normal base pitch deviation, fpbnm
- 14.3 Additional calculations for profile measurements
- 14.3.1 Included parameters
- 14.3.2 Mean base diameter deviation and mean pressure angle deviation
- 14.3.3 Calculation of effective base diameter, db eff
- 14.3.4 Calculation of effective transverse pressure angle, αt eff
- 14.3.5 Calculation of effective normal pressure angle, αn eff
- 14.3.6 Calculation of mean transverse pressure angle deviation, fαmt
- 14.3.7 Calculation of mean normal pressure angle deviation, fαmn
- 14.4 Additional calculations for helix measurements
- 14.4.1 Included parameters
- 14.4.2 Required preliminary data
- 14.4.3 Calculation of effective helix angle at the measurement diameter, βM eff
- 14.4.4 Calculation of effective lead, pz eff
- 14.4.5 Calculation of effective helix angle at the standard pitch diameter, βeff
- 14.4.6 Calculation of mean lead deviation, fpzm
- 14.4.7 Calculation of mean helix angle deviation, fβm
- Bibliography [Go to Page]