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BS EN 13001-2:2014 Crane safety. General design - Load actions, 2014
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Terms and definitions
- 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
- Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
- 4 Safety requirements and/or measures [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Loads [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 General [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1.1 Introduction
- 4.2.1.2 Regular loads
- 4.2.1.3 Occasional loads
- 4.2.1.4 Exceptional loads
- 4.2.2 Regular loads [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.1 Hoisting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the crane
- 4.2.2.2 Hoisting an unrestrained grounded load
- Figure 1 — Dynamic effects when hoisting a grounded load
- Table 2 — Stiffness classes
- Table 3 — Characteristic hoisting speeds vh for calculation of ϕ2 and ϕ2C
- Table 4 — Selection of ϕ2,min [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.3 Sudden release of a part of the hoist load
- Figure 2 — Factor ϕ3 [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.4 Loads caused by travelling on uneven surface
- Figure 3 — Single mass model of a crane for determining the factor ϕ4 [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.5 Loads caused by acceleration of drives
- Figure 6 — Factor ϕ5
- Figure 7 — Forces acting on rail mounted cranes or trolleys with asymmetrical mass distribution, forces due to acceleration by travel drives [Go to Page]
- 4.2.2.6 Loads determined by displacements
- 4.2.3 Occasional loads [Go to Page]
- 4.2.3.1 Loads due to in-service wind
- Table 5 — In-service wind states and design wind pressures
- Figure 8 — Correlation of the mean wind velocity , the Beaufort scale and the in-service wind states [Go to Page]
- 4.2.3.2 Snow and ice loads
- 4.2.3.3 Loads due to temperature variation
- 4.2.3.4 Loads caused by skewing
- Figure 9 — Different combinations of wheel pairs
- Figure 10 — Positions of wheel pairs
- Figure 11 — Loads acting on crane in skewed position
- Table 6 — Skew angle
- Table 7 — Values of ξ1i, ξ2i, ν1i and ν2i [Go to Page]
- 4.2.4 Exceptional loads [Go to Page]
- 4.2.4.1 Loads caused by hoisting a grounded load at maximum hoisting speed
- 4.2.4.2 Loads due to out-of-service wind
- Figure 12 — Map of Europe indicating regions where the same reference storm wind velocities are applicable
- Table 8 — Reference storm wind velocities in dependence on regions in Europe as shown in Figure 12 [Go to Page]
- 4.2.4.3 Test loads
- 4.2.4.4 Loads due to buffer forces
- Figure 13 — Factor ξ for different buffers characteristics [Go to Page]
- 4.2.4.5 Loads due to tilting forces
- 4.2.4.6 Loads caused by emergency cut-out
- 4.2.4.7 Loads due to dynamic cut-off of hoisting movement by lifting force limiters
- 4.2.4.8 Loads due to dynamic cut-off of radial movement by lifting moment limiter
- 4.2.4.9 Unintentional loss of hoist load
- 4.2.4.10 Loads caused by apprehended failure of mechanism or components
- 4.2.4.11 Loads due to external excitation of the crane support
- 4.2.4.12 Loads caused by erection, dismantling and transport
- 4.2.4.13 Loads on means provided for access
- 4.3 Load combinations [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 General
- 4.3.2 High risk situations
- 4.3.3 Favourable and unfavourable masses
- Figure 14 — Illustration of favourable and unfavourable masses [Go to Page]
- 4.3.4 Partial safety factors for the mass of the crane
- Table 9 — Values of factor for the mass of the crane [Go to Page]
- 4.3.5 Partial safety factors to be applied to loads determined by displacements
- Table 10 — Values of the partial safety factors to be applied to loads due to intended displacements
- Table 11 — Values of the partial safety factors to be applied to loads due to unintended displacements [Go to Page]
- 4.3.6 Load combinations for the proof of competence
- Table 12a — Loads, load combinations and partial safety factors
- Table 12b — Loads, load combinations and partial safety factors [Go to Page]
- 4.3.7 The proof of crane stability
- Table 13 — Load combinations and partial safety factors for the proof of crane stability
- Annex A (informative) Aerodynamic coefficients
- A.1 General
- Figure A.1 — Reduction factor ψ related to the aerodynamic slenderness ratio λ and the solidity ratio φ
- Figure A.2 — Example of a lattice structure member
- Table A.1 — Relative aerodynamic length αr
- Some aerodynamic coefficients of individual members and of lattice structure members are given in dependence on the Reynolds number Re which is established as follows
- A.2 Individual members
- Table A.2 — Aerodynamic coefficients co for individual members of circular sections
- Figure A.3 — More detailed aerodynamic coefficients co for individual members of circular sections related to Re
- Figure A.4 — Definition of the angle β of the wind direction and corresponding wind forces
- Table A.3 — Aerodynamic coefficients coy, coz for individual flat sided structural members
- Table A.4 — Aerodynamic coefficients co for individual structural members of triangular and rectangular hollow sections
- A.3 Plane and spatial lattice structure members
- Table A.5 — Characteristic areas A and aerodynamic coefficients co for plane and spatial lattice structure members
- Figure A.5 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of plane lattice structure members in dependence on φ, having circular and non-circular individual members
- Figure A.6 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of spatial lattice structure members in dependence on φ, having circular and non-circular individual members
- Figure A.7 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of plane lattice structure members in dependence on Re and φ, having circular individual members
- Figure A.8 — Aerodynamic coefficients co of spatial lattice structure members with triangular (a) and square cross section (b) in dependence on Re and φ, having circular individual members
- A.4 Structural members in multiple arrangement
- Table A.6 — Characteristic areas A and aerodynamic coefficients co of structural members in multiple arrangement
- Figure A.9 — Shielding factor η for structural members in multiple arrangement
- Annex B (informative) Illustration of the types of hoist drives
- Figure B.1 — ω and F
- Table B.1 — Hoist drive types
- Annex C (informative) Calculation of load factor for indirect lifting force limiter
- Figure C.1 — Hoist system with indirect lifting force limiter, force in the hoist system and motor speed by time in stall load condition
- Annex D (informative) Guidance on selection of the risk coefficient
- Table D.1 — Classes for enhanced risks
- Table D.2 —Selection of risk coefficients
- Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application
- Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
- Bibliography [Go to Page]