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Description of ASTM-F1571 2008ASTM F1571 - 95(2008)Standard Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Sutherland Method)Active Standard ASTM F1571 | Developed by Subcommittee: F05.02 Book of Standards Volume: 15.09 ASTM F1571Significance and Use This test method is designed to simulate the type of damage resulting from paper rubbing against a printed image. The primary method of evaluation is either reflectance or optical density readings. Depending upon the objective of the test, comparison of either the image or the area adjacent to the image is evaluated before and after rubbing. This test method can be used for control of product quality as well as a research and development tool. As written this test method is intended for use only with impact printed images involving ribbons. However, it can be modified to evaluate other types of business images such as those produced by non-impact printers and copiers, ink jet printers, and thermal transfer printers. The degree of image transferred by rubbing from a printed image can be affected by various factors including the type of printer, the condition of the unit, supplies employed, time since imaging, and environmental conditions. As many as possible of these variables should be controlled during the test. A control sample with known characteristics, if available, should be run along with the test samples. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the amount of image transferred from one site and redeposited at another site (smudge) on a document. The Sutherland Ink Rub Tester with 4-lb (1.82-kg) test block is the test instrument for producing the transfer and either a reflectometer or densitometer is employed for measuring the change in images. Alternatively, a visual rating order can be employed to establish a ranking order. The degree to which the original image is unaltered upon rubbing is considered to be the abrasion resistance. 1.2 This test method can be employed to evaluate the smudge resistance of business imaging products produced by typewriters, and impact printers. 1.3 This test method can also be employed to measure performance characteristics for a product. The user should select test equipment that is appropriate for measuring the degree of abrasion to the samples. Samples are tested before and after rubbing and comparisons of results made. In this test method product performance evaluations are optional. 1.4 Other test methods employing the Crockmeter, Taber Abrader, and Gavarti GA-C.A.T. can be employed to evaluate the smudge and abrasion characteristics. Results by these units are not necessarily equivalent to those obtained with the Sutherland. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Standards D5264 Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester F149 Terminology Relating to Optical Character Recognition F221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom F497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Typewriter as a Test Instrument F909 Terminology Relating to Printers F1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact Printing Systems F1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as a Test Instrument F1175 Practice for Using the Computer Impact Print-Out Unit as a Test Instrument for Manifold Comparison F1319 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Crockmeter Method) F1443 Practice for Using 0.008-in. (0.203-mm) Aperture Reflectometers as Test Instruments for Measuring Visual Image Quality of Business Copy Images ANSI Standard CGATS.4GraphicTechno Graphic Arts Reflection Densitometry MeasurementsTerminology, Equations, Image Elements and Procedures Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.Keywords abrasion; abrasion resistance; densitometer; image permanence; impact printer; printed matter; reflectometer; smudge; Sutherland; typewriter ribbon; Impact printers; Printed matter; Reflectometer/reflectrometry; Smudge; Sutherland ink rub tester; Typewriter materials/applications; Abrasion resistance--copy materials/printed products; Densitometer; Image analysis--copy materials; Image permanence; ICS Code ICS Number Code 37.100.10 (Reproduction equipment) DOI: 10.1520/F1571-95R08 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM F1571This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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