1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the amount of image transferred from one site and redeposited at another site (smudge) on a document. The Sutherland Ink Rub Tester with 4-lb (1.82-kg) test block is the test instrument for producing the transfer and either a reflectometer or densitometer is employed for measuring the change in images. Alternatively, a visual rating order can be employed to establish a ranking order. The degree to which the original image is unaltered upon rubbing is considered to be the abrasion resistance.

1.2 This test method can be employed to evaluate the smudge resistance of business imaging products produced by typewriters, and impact printers.

1.3 This test method can also be employed to measure performance characteristics for a product. The user should select test equipment that is appropriate for measuring the degree of abrasion to the samples. Samples are tested before and after rubbing and comparisons of results made. In this test method product performance evaluations are optional.

1.4 Other test methods employing the Crockmeter, Taber Abrader, and Gavarti GA-C.A.T. can be employed to evaluate the smudge and abrasion characteristics. Results by these units are not necessarily equivalent to those obtained with the Sutherland.

1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D5264 Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester

F149 Terminology Relating to Optical Character Recognition

F221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom

F497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Typewriter as a Test Instrument

F909 Terminology Relating to Printers

F1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact Printing Systems

F1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as a Test Instrument

F1175 Practice for Using the Computer Impact Print-Out Unit as a Test Instrument for Manifold Comparison

F1319 Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Crockmeter Method)

F1443 Practice for Using 0.008-in. (0.203-mm) Aperture Reflectometers as Test Instruments for Measuring Visual Image Quality of Business Copy Images

ANSI Standard

Keywords

abrasion; abrasion resistance; densitometer; image permanence; impact printer; printed matter; reflectometer; smudge; Sutherland; typewriter ribbon; Impact printers; Printed matter; Reflectometer/reflectrometry; Smudge; Sutherland ink rub tester; Typewriter materials/applications; Abrasion resistance--copy materials/printed products; Densitometer; Image analysis--copy materials; Image permanence;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 37.100.10 (Reproduction equipment)

DOI: 10.1520/F1571-95R02

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