1. Scope

1.1 This guide (1) describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the short-term adverse effects of potentially contaminated sediment, or of a test material experimentally added to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal amphipods during static 10-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine amphipods, and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for 10-day static sediment toxicity tests are described for the following species: Rhepoxynius abronius , Eohaustorius estuarius , Ampelisca abdita, Grandidierella japonica , and Leptocheirus plumulosus .

1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures such as flow-through or partial life-cycle tests. Methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of amphipods, other crustaceans, polychaetes, and bivalves.

1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparisons of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.

1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments containing most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct sediment toxicity tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and natural sediment characteristics (for example, particle size distribution, organic carbon content, total solids). These methods can also be used to conduct bioconcentration tests and in situ tests, and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field sediments, or of such materials as sewage sludge, oils, particulate matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A median lethal concentration (LC50) or median sublethal effect concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment can be determined. Materials either adhering to sediment particles or dissolved in interstitial water can be tested.

1.5 Results of short-term toxicity tests with test materials experimentally added to sediments may be reported in terms of an LC50, and sometimes an EC50 where 'concentration' refers to dry or wet weight concentration in sediment. Results of a field survey with single samples to determine a spatial or temporal distribution of sediment toxicity may be reported in terms of percent mortality (see Section 16). Field surveys can be designed to provide either a qualitative reconnaissance of the distribution of sediment toxicity or a quantitative statistical comparison of toxicity among stations.

1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. While some safety considerations are presented in this guide, it is beyond the scope of this guide to encompass all safety requirements necessary to conduct sediment toxicity tests. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D1129 Terminology Relating to Water

D4447 Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples

E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials

E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process

E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling

E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations

E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians

E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate

E1241 Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes

E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments

E1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates

E1402 Guide for Sampling Design

E1525 Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments

E1611 Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids

E1688 Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates

E1706 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

E1847 Practice for Statistical Analysis of Toxicity Tests Conducted Under ASTM Guidelines

E1850 Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests

Keywords

Ampelisca abdita; amphipod; bioavailability; chronic; Eohaustorius estuarius; estuarine; invertebrates; Leptocheirus plumulosus; marine; Rhepoxynius abronius; sediment; toxicity; Acidity, alkalinity, pH--chemicals; Acute toxicity tests; Ampelisca abdita ; Amphipods/Amphibia; Aqueous environments; Benthic macroinvertebrates (collecting); Biological data analysis--sediments; Bivalve molluscs; Chemical analysis--water applications; Contamination--environmental; Corophium ; Crustacea; EC50 test; Eohaustorius estuarius ; Estuarine environments; Field testing--environmental materials/applications; Geochemical characteristics; Grandidierella japonica ; Leptocheirus Plumuulosus ; Marine environments; Median lethal dose; Polychaetes; Reference toxicants; Rhepoxynium abronius ; Saltwater; Seawater (natural/synthetic); Sediment toxicity testing; Static tests--environmental materials/applications; Ten-day testing; Toxicity/toxicology--water environments

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 07.060 (Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology)

DOI: 10.1520/E1367-99

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