ASTM D94-07
Historical Standard: ASTM D94-07 Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Petroleum Products
SUPERSEDED (see Active link, below)
Translated Standard: Russian
more info
ASTM D94
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of constituents in petroleum products such as lubricants, additives, and transmission fluids that will saponify under the conditions of the test.
Note 1Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D 117. Experience has shown that for transformer oils, Test Method D 94, modified by use of 0.1 M KOH solution and 0.1 M HCl, is more suitable.
1.1.1 Two test methods are described: Method A-Color Indicator Titration (Sections 6-13), and Method BPotentiometric Titration (Sections 14-23).
1.2 Because compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, the halogens, and certain other elements that are sometimes added to petroleum products also consume alkali and acids, the results obtained indicate the effect of these extraneous materials in addition to the saponifiable material present. Results on products containing such materials, on used internal-combustion-engine crankcase oils, and on used turbine oils must be interpreted with caution.
Note 2The materials referred to above, which are not normally considered saponifiable matter, include inorganic or certain organic acids, most nonalkali soaps, and so forth. The presence of such materials increases the saponification number above that of fatty saponifiable materials for which the test method is primarily intended. The odor of hydrogen sulfide near the end of the back-titration in the saponification test is an indication that certain types of reactive sulfur compounds are present in the sample. In the case of other reactive sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus compounds and other interfering materials, no simple indication is given during the test. A gravimetric determination of the actual amount of fatty acids is probably the most reliable method for such compounds. Test Methods D 128 or IP Method 284/86 can be used to determine fatty acids gravimetrically.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, and 19.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
Keywords
additives; lubricating oils; potentiometric titration; saponification number ;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.080 (Petroleum products in general)
DOI: 10.1520/D0094-07
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.