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Description of ASTM-D94 2012ASTM D94 - 07(2012)Standard Test Methods for Saponification Number of Petroleum ProductsActive Standard ASTM D94 | Developed by Subcommittee: D02.06 Book of Standards Volume: 05.01 ASTM D94Significance and Use 5.1 Petroleum products can contain additives that react with alkali to form metal soaps. Fats are examples of such additives. Also, certain used engine oils, especially from turbine or internal combustion engines, can contain chemicals that will similarly react with alkali. The saponification number expresses the amount of base that will react with 1 g of sample when heated in a specific manner. This then gives an estimation of the amount of acid present in the sample, that is, any free acid originally present plus any combined (for example, in esters) that have been converted to metal soaps during the heating procedure. 5.2 Saponification numbers are also used in setting product specifications for lubricants and additives. 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of constituents in petroleum products such as lubricants, additives, and transmission fluids that will saponify under the conditions of the test.
Note 1 Statements defining this test and its significance when applied to electrical insulating oils of mineral
origin will be found in Guide D117 . Experience has shown that for transformer oils, Test Method D94, modified by use of 0.1 M KOH
solution and 0.1 M HCl, is more suitable.
1.1.1 Two test methods are described: Method AColor Indicator Titration (Sections 6- 13 ), and Method BPotentiometric Titration (Sections 14- 23 ). 1.2 Because compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, the halogens, and certain other elements that are sometimes added to petroleum products also consume alkali and acids, the results obtained indicate the effect of these extraneous materials in addition to the saponifiable material present. Results on products containing such materials, on used internal-combustion-engine crankcase oils, and on used turbine oils must be interpreted with caution.
Note 2 The materials referred to above, which are not normally considered saponifiable matter, include inorganic
or certain organic acids, most nonalkali soaps, and so forth. The presence of such materials increases the saponification number above that of fatty saponifiable materials for which the
test method is primarily intended. The odor of hydrogen sulfide near the end of the back-titration in the saponification test is an indication that certain types of reactive sulfur
compounds are present in the sample. In the case of other reactive sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus compounds and other interfering materials, no simple indication is given during the test.
A gravimetric determination of the actual amount of fatty acids is probably the most reliable method for such compounds. Test Methods D128 or IP Method?284 /86 can be used to determine
fatty acids gravimetrically.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 15 , 16 , 17 , and 19 .
ASTM Standards D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin D128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products and Lubricants Testing Laboratories Keywords additives; lubricating oils; potentiometric titration; saponification number ; ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.080 (Petroleum products in general) DOI: 10.1520/D0094-07R12 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D94This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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