FORMAT
BOOKS
PACKAGES
EDITION
PUBLISHER
CONTENT TYPE
Act
Admin Code
Announcements
Bill
Book
CADD File
CAN
CEU
Charter
Checklist
City Code
Code
Commentary
Comprehensive Plan
Conference Paper
County Code
Course
DHS Documents
Document
Errata
Executive Regulation
Federal Guideline
Firm Content
Guideline
Handbook
Interpretation
Journal
Land Use and Development
Law
Legislative Rule
Local Amendment
Local Code
Local Document
Local Regulation
Local Standards
Manual
Model Code
Model Standard
Notice
Ordinance
Other
Paperback
PASS
Periodicals
PIN
Plan
Policy
Product
Program
Provisions
Requirements
Revisions
Rules & Regulations
Standards
State Amendment
State Code
State Manual
State Plan
State Standards
Statute
Study Guide
Supplement
Technical Bulletin
All
|
Description of ASTM-D6187 2010ASTM D6187 - 97(2010)Standard Practice for Cone Penetrometer Technology Characterization of Petroleum Contaminated Sites with Nitrogen Laser-Induced FluorescenceActive Standard ASTM D6187 | Developed by Subcommittee: D18.21 Book of Standards Volume: 04.09 ASTM D6187Significance and Use Direct push LIF is used for site investigations where the delineation of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fluorophores is necessary. Generic terms for these investigations are site assessments and hazardous waste site investigations. Continuous LIF is used to provide information on the relative amounts of contamination and to provide a lithological detail of the subsurface strata. These investigations are frequently required in the characterization of hazardous waste sites. This technology provides preliminary results within minutes following the completion of each test. This allows the number, locations, and depths of subsequent tests to be adjusted in the field. Field adjustment may increase the efficiency of the investigation program. The rapid fluorescence data gathering provided by direct push LIF provides information necessary to assess the presence of contamination in soils and associated pore fluids in the field. This method allows for immediate determination of relative amounts of contamination. This allows the number, locations, and depths of subsequent activities to be adjusted in the field. Field adjustment may increase the efficiency of the investigation program. With appropriate sensors, the direct-push investigation program can provide information on soil stratigraphy and the distribution of petroleum and other fluorophores in the subsurface. This method results in minimum site disturbance and generates no cuttings that might require disposal (1) . This practice is confirmed using soil samples collected at given depths to confirm the fluorescence readings using a field deployed EPA Method 418.1 (2) , EPA method 8015-modified, and a modified EPA 8270 Method (3) , or equivalent methodologies, as compared to the fluorescence reading from the same depth from the sensor to verify that the fluorescence correlates with the contamination. The collected samples are also tested on the probe window in the truck to ensure the sample collected is representative of the region tested in situ. This practice may not be the correct method for preliminary or supplemental investigations in all cases. Chemical and physical properties of site specific soil matrices may have an effect on site specific detection limits. Subsurface conditions affect the performance of the equipment and methods associated with the direct push method. Direct push methods are not effective in pushing in solid bedrock and are marginally effective in pushing in weathered formations. Dense gravelly tills where boulders and cobbles are present, stiff and hard clays, and cemented soil zones may cause refusal and potential probe breakage. Certain cohesive soils, depending on their moisture content, can create friction on the cone penetrometer probes which can eventually equal or exceed the static reaction force and/or the impact energy being applied. As with all direct push methods, precautions must be taken to prevent cross contamination of aquifers through migration of contaminants up or down the cone penetrometer hole. The practicing of direct push techniques may be controlled by various government regulations governing subsurface explorations. Certification or licensing regulations, or both, may in some cases be considered in establishing performance criteria. For additional information see ( 4-15) 1. Scope 1.1 This practice covers the method for delineating the subsurface presence of petroleum hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbons using a fiber optic based nitrogen laser-induced fluorescence sensor system. 1.2 The petroleum hydrocarbon sensing scheme utilizes a fluorescence technique in which a nitrogen laser emits pulsed ultraviolet light. The laser, mounted on the cone penetrometer platform, is linked via fiber optic cables to a window mounted on the side of a penetrometer probe. Laser energy emitted through the window causes fluorescence in adjacent contaminated media. The fluorescent radiation is transmitted to the surface via optical cables for real-time spectral data acquisition and spectral analysis on the platform. 1.3 This sensor responds to any material that fluoresces when excited with ultraviolet wavelengths of light, largely the polycyclic aromatic, aromatic, and substituted hydrocarbons, along with a few heterocyclic hydrocarbons. The excitation energy will cause all encountered fluorophores to fluoresce, including some minerals and some non-petroleum organic matter. However, because the sensor collects full spectral information, discrimination among the fluorophores may be distinguished using the spectral features associated with the data. Soil samples should be taken to verify recurring spectral signatures to discriminate between fluorescing petroleum hydrocarbons and naturally occurring fluorophores. 1.4 This practice is used in conjunction with a cone penetrometer of the electronic type, described in Test Method D5778 . 1.4.1 The direct push LIF described in this practice can provide accurate information on the characteristics of the soils and contaminants encountered in the vadose zone and the saturated zone, although it does not make a distinction between dissolved and sorbed contamination in the saturated zone. 1.5 This practice describes rapid, continuous, in-situ, real-time characterization of subsurface soil. 1.6 Direct push LIF is limited to soils that can be penetrated with the available equipment. The ability to penetrate strata is based on carrying vehicle weight, density of soil, and consistency of soil. Penetration may be limited; or, damage to sensors can occur in certain ground conditions. 1.7 This practice does not address the installation of any temporary or permanent soil, groundwater, soil vapor monitoring, or remediation devices; although, the devices described may be left in-situ for the purpose of on-going monitoring. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 Direct push LIF environmental site characterization will often involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This practice does not purport to address the issues of operational or site safety. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM Standards D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D1129 Terminology Relating to Water D3650 Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils By Fluorescence Analysis D4657 Test Method for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water D5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Ground Water Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization D6067 Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers E388 Test Method for Wavelength Accuracy and Spectral Bandwidth of Fluorescence Spectrometers E578 Test Method for Linearity of Fluorescence Measuring Systems E579 Test Method for Limit of Detection of Fluorescence of Quinine Sulfate in Solution E924 Guide for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Using Molecular Spectroscopy E1614 Guide for Procedure for Measuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Attenuation in Silica-Based Optical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote Fiber-Optic Spectroscopy andBroadband Systems Keywords coal tar; cone penetrometer; creosole; in-situ sensor; direct push; laser-induced fluorescence; petroleum contamination; site characterization: Cone penetrometer test; Contamination--petroleum products; Environmental site assessment (ESA)--petroleum spills; Lasers and laser applications; Nitrogen laser-induced fluorescence; Petroleum exploration; ICS Code ICS Number Code 13.080.01 (Soil quality in general); 75.080 (Petroleum products in general) DOI: 10.1520/D6187-97R10 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D6187This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
Some features of MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions are: - Immediate Access: As soon as the transaction is completed, your ASTM Standards Subscription will be ready for access.
For any further information on MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
GROUPS
|