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Marine Outfall Construction, 2009
- Contents
- Preface
- List of Acronyms
- Glossary [Go to Page]
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z
- 1 The Marine Outfall in Context [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Precious Water
- 1.2 Marine Disposal of Wastewater
- 1.3 Wastewater Reuse
- 1.4 Releasing Wastewater to the Marine Environment
- 1.5 Multiple Uses of the Marine Environment
- 1.6 Taking Individual Outfalls Out of Service
- 1.7 The Marine Outfall as the Disposal Method of Choice
- References
- 2 Moving toward Construction [Go to Page]
- 2.1 Working in the Sea
- 2.2 The Bracketing of Marine Outfall Construction
- 2.3 The Most Crucial Marine Data
- 2.4 Development of the Design of the Southwest Ocean Outfall
- 2.5 Additional Matters
- 2.6 Design–Build
- 2.7 Offshore and Underwater Operations
- 2.8 Book Plan
- References
- 3. Providing a Stable Work Base within the Surf Zone [Go to Page]
- 3.1 The Trestle
- 3.2 A Full-Length Outfall Trestle at New Plymouth, New Zealand
- 3.3 Another Full-Length Outfall Trestle at McGaurans Beach, Australia
- 3.4 A Large Power Plant Outfall
- 3.5 Big Pipe with Strict Environmental Stipulations
- 3.6 The Jackup Barge or Platform
- 3.7 An Outfall Extension at Fort Bragg, California
- 3.8 More Walking Platforms
- References
- 4 Pulling an Outfall Seaward along the Ocean Floor [Go to Page]
- 4.1 The Bottom-Pull Operation
- 4.2 The Cape Peron Outfall, Western Australia
- 4.3 Two Other Notable Bottom-Pulled Outfalls
- 4.4 A Pair of Modern Bottom-Pulled Conduits
- 4.5 Further Cases: 1978–1986
- 4.6 Further Cases: 1987–2002
- 4.7 Additional Matters
- 4.8 Crucial Numbers for the Bottom-Pull Operation
- References
- 5 Placing Outfalls under Protected Sites or Obstructions [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Horizontal Directional Drilling
- 5.2 Gas and Oil Industry Shore Crossing, Example No. 1
- 5.3 Two More Gas and Oil Shore Crossings
- 5.4 Unfulfilled Horizontal Directional Drilling Attempts
- 5.5 HDD Outfall Case Studies in the United Kingdom
- 5.6 Other HDD Case Studies in Developed Countries
- 5.7 Central Pacific Ocean HDD Jobs
- References
- 6 Crane Barge Offshore, Trestle Inshore, Trouble Ahead [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Section-by-Section Installation of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Outfalls
- 6.2 Southwest Ocean Outfall, San Francisco, California
- 6.3 Monterey Bay Outfall, California
- 6.4 Santa Cruz No. 3 Outfall, California
- 6.5 Stormwater Outfalls on the Lower U.S. East Coast
- 6.6 The Crane Barge Working Alone
- References
- 7 High-Tech Outfall Installation in Deep Water [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Saturation Diving
- 7.2 Working Underwater with No Divers
- 7.3 Renton, Seattle, Washington
- 7.4 Iona, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- 7.5 Point Loma Extension, San Diego, California
- References
- 8 Creating Tunnel Outfalls and Their Risers [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Tunnel Boring Machines
- 8.2 Three Full-Tunnel Outfalls at Sydney, Australia
- 8.3 Other Tunnel Outfalls
- 8.4 Sacrificial Tunnels for Outfalls
- 8.5 Use of Microtunneling and Pipe-Jacking to Create Outfalls
- References
- 9 Hybrid-Design Outfalls [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Two Distinct Parts
- 9.2 South Bay Ocean Outfall, San Diego, California
- 9.3 Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme, Stage I Outfall, Hong Kong
- 9.4 The Fort Kamehameha No. 2 Outfall, Hawaii
- 9.5 Post Script
- References
- 10 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Lightness and Heaviness
- 10.2 High-Density Polyethylene Pipes in South Africa
- 10.3 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls: First Set
- 10.4 Selected Polyethylene Outfalls: Second Set
- 10.5 The Latest Polyethylene Outfalls
- 10.6 Installation Problems
- References
- 11 Unusual Outfalls [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Techniques from the Gas and Oil Industry
- 11.2 Small-Diameter Flexible Pipe from a Reel Barge
- 11.3 Outfalls in Remote Locations
- 11.4 Novel Designs: The Americas
- 11.5 Novel Designs: Europe
- 11.6 Novel Designs: Other Countries
- References
- 12 Difficult or Impossible Outfalls [Go to Page]
- 12.1 The Cruel Sea
- 12.2 Lobsters versus Crane Barges and Human Lives
- 12.3 A Troubled U.S. West Coast Project
- 12.4 Problems at Pulp and Paper Mills
- 12.5 More Problems
- 12.6 Anything That Can Happen Will Happen
- 12.7 Outfalls That Couldn’t Be Built
- References
- 13 Giant Tunnel Outfall as Part of the Boston Harbor Cleanup [Go to Page]
- 13.1 Boston’s Water and Wastewater
- 13.2 Early Stages
- 13.3 Installation of Risers
- 13.4 A Personal Experience
- 13.5 The Driving of the Tunnel Outfall
- 13.6 Diffuser Completion and Outfall Startup
- 13.7 The Cross-Harbor Tunnel
- 13.8 Accomplishments
- References
- Appendix A: Selected World Outfalls, Continuing after Table 1-1
- Appendix B: Wave-Related Concepts and Calculations for Outfall Design-Build [Go to Page]
- B.1 Ocean Waves
- B.2 Wave-Related Computations for Trestles
- B.3 The Old Pipe and the Sea
- B.4 Wave Force Considerations for Exposed Submarine Pipelines
- B.5 Research Results
- B.6 Pipe Protection by Quarry Rock
- References
- Appendix C: Immersed Tubes as Big Outfalls [Go to Page]
- C.1 The Concept
- C.2 Use of Immersed Tubes
- References
- Index [Go to Page]
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- About the Author [Go to Page]