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437.1R-07 Load Tests of Concrete Structures: Methods, Magnitude, Protocols & Acceptance Criteria, 2007
- MAIN MENU
- MAIN MENU
- CONTENTS
- CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION [Go to Page]
- 1.1— Background
- 1.1— Background
- 1.2—Introduction
- 1.2—Introduction
- 1.3—Limitations
- 1.3—Limitations
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY [Go to Page]
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.2—Terminology
- 2.2—Terminology
- CHAPTER 3— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- CHAPTER 3— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA [Go to Page]
- 3.1— Scope of historical review
- 3.1— Scope of historical review
- 3.2—Summary and conclusions
- 3.2—Summary and conclusions [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Purpose of load testing
- 3.2.1 Purpose of load testing
- 3.2.2 Test load magnitude
- 3.2.2 Test load magnitude
- 3.2.3 Protocol for application of the load test
- 3.2.3 Protocol for application of the load test
- 3.2.4 Acceptance criteria for load testing
- 3.2.4 Acceptance criteria for load testing [Go to Page]
- 3.2.4.1 Use of maximum deflection
- 3.2.4.1 Use of maximum deflection
- 3.2.4.2 Use of deflection recovery
- 3.2.4.2 Use of deflection recovery
- CHAPTER 4— LOAD FACTORS
- CHAPTER 4— LOAD FACTORS [Go to Page]
- 4.1— Introduction
- 4.1— Introduction
- 4.2—Load factors for various components of service load
- 4.2—Load factors for various components of service load [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Reasons for change
- 4.2.1 Reasons for change
- 4.2.2 Recommended changes to test load magnitude
- 4.2.2 Recommended changes to test load magnitude
- 4.2.3 Applicability of TLM to structures designed per
earlier codes
- 4.2.3 Applicability of TLM to structures designed per
earlier codes
- 4.3—Load factors for extreme ratios of live load to total dead load
- 4.3—Load factors for extreme ratios of live load to total dead load
- CHAPTER 5— LOAD TEST PROTOCOL
- CHAPTER 5— LOAD TEST PROTOCOL [Go to Page]
- 5.1— Introduction
- 5.1— Introduction
- 5.2—Test load configuration
- 5.2—Test load configuration [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Uniformly distributed load pattern
- 5.2.1 Uniformly distributed load pattern
- 5.2.2 Patch or strip equivalent loads
- 5.2.2 Patch or strip equivalent loads
- 5.3—Load application method
- 5.3—Load application method [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Dead weights
- 5.3.1 Dead weights
- 5.3.2 Hydraulic jacks
- 5.3.2 Hydraulic jacks
- 5.4—Loading procedures
- 5.4—Loading procedures [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 Monotonic loading
- 5.4.1 Monotonic loading
- 5.4.2 Cyclic loading
- 5.4.2 Cyclic loading
- 5.5—Loading duration
- 5.5—Loading duration [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Twenty-four hours at maximum load
- 5.5.1 Twenty-four hours at maximum load
- 5.5.2 Stability at maximum load
- 5.5.2 Stability at maximum load
- 5.6—Load testing procedure
- 5.6—Load testing procedure [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic uniform load test
- 5.6.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic uniform load test
- 5.6.2 Cyclic load test
- 5.6.2 Cyclic load test
- CHAPTER 6— ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- CHAPTER 6— ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA [Go to Page]
- 6.1— Criteria for 24- hour monotonic load test
- 6.1— Criteria for 24- hour monotonic load test
- 6.2—Criteria for cyclic load test
- 6.2—Criteria for cyclic load test [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Determination of member/structure capacity (load
rating)
- 6.2.1 Determination of member/structure capacity (load
rating)
- 6.3—Considerations of performance assessment at service load level
- 6.3—Considerations of performance assessment at service load level
- 6.4—Recommendations for acceptance criteria at test load magnitude level
- 6.4—Recommendations for acceptance criteria at test load magnitude level [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic load test procedure
- 6.4.1 Twenty-four-hour monotonic load test procedure
- 6.4.2 Cyclic load test procedure
- 6.4.2 Cyclic load test procedure
- 6.5—Strength reserve beyond load test acceptance criteria
- 6.5—Strength reserve beyond load test acceptance criteria
- CHAPTER 7— SUMMARY
- CHAPTER 7— SUMMARY
- CHAPTER 8— REFERENCES
- CHAPTER 8— REFERENCES [Go to Page]
- 8.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 8.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 8.2—Cited references
- 8.2—Cited references
- APPENDIX A— DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT PATCH LOAD
- APPENDIX A— DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT PATCH LOAD [Go to Page]
- A.1— Notation
- A.1— Notation
- A.2—Introduction
- A.2—Introduction
- A.3—One-way slab system
- A.3—One-way slab system
- A.4—Procedure and preliminary calculations
- A.4—Procedure and preliminary calculations
- A.5—Calculations after calibration cycle
- A.5—Calculations after calibration cycle [Go to Page]
- A.5.1 Determination of c1
- A.5.1 Determination of c1
- A.5.2 Determination of c2
- A.5.2 Determination of c2
- A.6—Conclusions
- A.6—Conclusions
- APPENDIX B— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- APPENDIX B— HISTORY OF LOAD TEST, LOAD FACTORS, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA [Go to Page]
- B.1— Notation
- B.1— Notation
- B.2—Historical load test practice in the United States and according to ACI
- B.2—Historical load test practice in the United States and according to ACI [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Early history in the United States from 1890 to
1920
- B.2.1 Early history in the United States from 1890 to
1920
- B.2.2 1920 ACI regulations for reinforced concrete
- B.2.2 1920 ACI regulations for reinforced concrete
- B.2.3 1928 ACI tentative regulations
- B.2.3 1928 ACI tentative regulations
- B.2.4 1936 and 1941 ACI building regulations
- B.2.4 1936 and 1941 ACI building regulations
- B.2.5 ACI 318-47 and 318-51
- B.2.5 ACI 318-47 and 318-51
- B.2.6 ACI 318-56
- B.2.6 ACI 318-56
- B.2.7 ACI 318-63
- B.2.7 ACI 318-63
- B.2.8 ACI 437-67
- B.2.8 ACI 437-67
- B.2.9 ACI 318-71
- B.2.9 ACI 318-71
- B.2.10 Cyclic load testing of concrete structures
- B.2.10 Cyclic load testing of concrete structures
- B.2.11 CIAS Report 2000 and ACI 437R-03
- B.2.11 CIAS Report 2000 and ACI 437R-03
- B.3—Other historical load test practices
- B.3—Other historical load test practices [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 Proceedings of 5th Annual Convention, National
Association of Cement Users (NACU 1908)
- B.3.1 Proceedings of 5th Annual Convention, National
Association of Cement Users (NACU 1908) [Go to Page]
- B.3.1.1 Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects: 1903 recommendations
- B.3.1.1 Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects: 1903 recommendations
- B.3.1.2 Prussian government regulations: 1904
- B.3.1.2 Prussian government regulations: 1904
- B.3.1.3 French government rules: 1907
- B.3.1.3 French government rules: 1907
- B.3.1.4 British Reinforced Concrete Committee: 1907
recommendations
- B.3.1.4 British Reinforced Concrete Committee: 1907
recommendations
- B.3.2 Research on loading tests of reinforced concrete
structures: report of work carried out at standards Institution
of Israel (Arnan et al.) in 1950
- B.3.2 Research on loading tests of reinforced concrete
structures: report of work carried out at standards Institution
of Israel (Arnan et al.) in 1950
- B.3.3 Report of Committee on Testing of Structures (Institution
of Structural Engineers 1964)
- B.3.3 Report of Committee on Testing of Structures (Institution
of Structural Engineers 1964)
- B.3.4 ASTM Committee E6, Performance of Buildings:
1965 to 1995
- B.3.4 ASTM Committee E6, Performance of Buildings:
1965 to 1995
- B.3.5 Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 73 2030 (1977)
- B.3.5 Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 73 2030 (1977)
- B.3.6 General Recommendation for Statical Loading Test
of Load-Bearing Concrete Structures In Situ (RILEM TBS-2)
(RILEM 1980)
- B.3.6 General Recommendation for Statical Loading Test
of Load-Bearing Concrete Structures In Situ (RILEM TBS-2)
(RILEM 1980)
- B.3.7 CSA Standard A23.3 (Canadian Standards Association
1994)
- B.3.7 CSA Standard A23.3 (Canadian Standards Association
1994)
- B.3.8 Guidance for Engineers Conducting Static Load
Tests on Building Structures (BRE 1995)
- B.3.8 Guidance for Engineers Conducting Static Load
Tests on Building Structures (BRE 1995)
- B.3.9 2003 International Building Code (International
Code Council 2003)
- B.3.9 2003 International Building Code (International
Code Council 2003)
- B.3.10 Italian codes
- B.3.10 Italian codes
- B.3.11 Recommended Practice for In-Situ Monitoring of
Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission (NDIS 2421)
(Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection [JSNDI]
2000)
- B.3.11 Recommended Practice for In-Situ Monitoring of
Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission (NDIS 2421)
(Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection [JSNDI]
2000) [Go to Page]