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Description of ASTM-D6271 2010ASTM D6271 - 10Standard Test Method for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on SolanesolActive Standard ASTM D6271 | Developed by Subcommittee: D22.05 Book of Standards Volume: 11.07 ASTM D6271Significance and Use
Environmental tobacco smoke consists of both vapor and particulate phase components. Due to the nature of vapor and particulate phases, they rarely correlate well, and an accurate assessment of ETS levels in indoor air requires determining good tracers of both phases. Among the attributes of an ideal ETS tracer, one critical characteristic is that the tracer should remain in a fairly consistent ratio to the individual contaminant of interest or category of contaminants of interest (for example, suspended particulates) under a range of environmental conditions... (5) . Solanesol meets this requirement, staying in a constant ratio to the RSP contributed by tobacco smoke over a variety of ventilation conditions and sampling durations (6) . UVPM and FPM, which are the tracers or markers employed by Test Method D5955 , also fulfill this requirement. Airborne solanesol, however, is unique in that it is specific to tobacco smoke and is found only in the particulate phase of ETS. Its high molecular weight and low volatility make it extremely unlikely that any solanesol will be lost from the membrane filter used for sample collection. Solanesol constitutes approximately 3 % by weight of the RSP of ETS (2,7,8) , making it suitable for measurement at realistic smoking rates. Of the available ETS particulate phase markers (UVPM, FPM, and solanesol), all are currently used and relied upon, but solanesol is considered to be a better marker for the particulate phase of ETS and, as a result, provides the best way of quantifying the contribution of ETS particulate matter to RSP (3,4,9,10,11,12,13) . To be able to quantify the contribution of ETS to RSP with a tobacco-specific marker is important because RSP is not specific to tobacco smoke. RSP is a necessary indicator of overall air quality; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has previously set a PEL (permissible exposure level) for respirable dust in the workplace of 5000 ? g/m 3 . However, RSP emanates from numerous sources (14) and has been shown to be an inappropriate tracer of ETS (7,15,16,17) . UVPM and FPM are used as more selective markers to estimate the contribution of tobacco smoke to RSP; however, these markers can overestimate the contribution of tobacco smoke to RSP due to potential interference from nontobacco combustion sources. (Refer to Test Method D5955 for the protocol on determining UVPM and FPM.) Although UVPM and FPM are useful in investigations of indoor air quality, solanesol is a better indicator of the tobacco smoke contribution to RSP. This test method has been used to apportion RSP into ETS and non-ETS components by determining the weight ratio of solanesol to total RSP (2,3,4,7,18,19) . 1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the sampling/analysis of respirable suspended particles (RSP) and the estimation of the RSP fraction attributable to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The test method is based on collection of total RSP on a membrane filter, extraction of the filter in methanol, and determination of solanesol, a C 45 isoprenoid alcohol, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. 1.2 This test method is compatible with the determinations of gravimetric RSP, ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), and fluorescent particulate matter (FPM) (see Test Method D5955 ), but does not require them. UVPM and FPM, which are based on the ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence of the filter extract, are also used to estimate the contribution of ETS to RSP. 1.3 The sampling components consist of a 1.0- ? m pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filter in a filter cassette connected on the inlet end to a particle size separating device and, on the outlet end, to a sampling pump. This test method is applicable to personal and area sampling. 1.4 This test method is limited in sample duration only by the capacity of the membrane filter. The test method has been evaluated up to 24-h sample duration; a minimum sample duration of 1 h is recommended. 1.5 Limits of detection (LOD) for this test method at a sampling rate of 2 L/min are 0.042 ? g/m 3 for 1-h sample duration and 0.005 ? g/m 3 for 8-h sample duration. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in 13.6. ASTM Standards D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric Pressure D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps D5955 Test Methods for Estimating Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles Based on UVPM and FPM Keywords environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); indoor air quality; respirable suspended particles (RSP); solanesol; Solanesol; Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); Indoor air analysis; Respirable suspended particles (RSP) ; ICS Code ICS Number Code 13.040.20 (Ambient atmospheres) DOI: 10.1520/D6271-10 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D6271This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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