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Description of ASTM-D1971 2011ASTM D1971 - 11Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass SpectrometryActive Standard ASTM D1971 | Developed by Subcommittee: D19.05 Book of Standards Volume: 11.01 ASTM D1971Significance and Use The determination of metals in water often requires the measurement of total (suspended and dissolved) metals as well as soluble (dissolved) metals. In such cases, consistent and dependable digestion procedures must be used so that data derived for the total metals content is reliable. The practices given are applicable to a wide variety of sample types for the purpose of preparing a sample for metals analyses by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or plasma emission spectroscopy (see Test Methods D1976 , D3919 , D4691 , and D4190 ) or plasma-mass spectrometry (See Test Method D5673 ) and have been shown to give good recovery in the following matrices: industrial effluents; waste water treatment plant influents, sludges, dewatered sludges, and effluents; river and lake waters; and plant and animal tissues. Elements which have shown good recovery include: copper, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and calcium. Good recovery for the indicated sample types and metals may not be achieved at all times due to each sample's unique characteristics. Users must always validate the practice for their particular samples. The analytical results achieved after applying these practices cannot necessarily be deemed as a measure of bioavailable or environmentally available elements. These three practices may not give the same recovery when applied to the same sample, nor will they necessarily give the same results as achieved using other digestion techniques. An alternate digestion technique is Practice D4309 . 1. Scope 1.1 Most atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy, and plasma-mass spectrometric test methods require that the metals of interest be dissolved in a liquid phase before being introduced into the spectrophotometer. These practices describe digestion or dissolution procedures whereby analyte metals associated with the solid fraction of a sample can be brought into solution for subsequent analysis. The following practices are included:
1.2 These practices have been demonstrated to be applicable to a wide variety of sample types and sample matrices, and in many cases, will give complete dissolution of the analyte metals of interest. They are by no means the only digestion procedures available. 1.3 The user of these practices should be cautioned that these practices may not completely dissolve all portions of a sample's solid phase and may not give complete recovery of the desired analyte metals. In these cases, other digestion techniques are available that will effect complete dissolution of a sample. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these practices for use on their particular sample matrix, for their metals of interest. 1.4 This practice assumes that the criteria established in Guide D3856 can be met. 1.5 These digestion procedures have been selected for their wide application, low cost, and ease of use. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.
ASTM Standards D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water D857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water D1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water D1976 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits D3372 Test Method for Molybdenum in Water D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water D3645 Test Methods for Beryllium in Water D3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water D3866 Test Methods for Silver in Water D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry D4190 Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy D4191 Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry D4192 Test Method for Potassium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry D4309 Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water D4691 Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry Keywords digestion; flame atomic absorption spectroscopy; graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy; inductively coupled plasma (ICP); metals; plasma-mass spectrometry ; waste water; water; Dissolution; Dissolved elements (of water); Digestion; Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy; Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS); Heating tests--chemicals/materials; Inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy; Metal content--water; Mineral acid dissolution; Plasma emission spectroscopy; Plasma-mass spectrometry; Pressure testing--water applications; Sampling water analysis applications; Spectroscopy--atomic absorption; Spectroscopy--emission; Wastewater testing/treatment; ICS Code ICS Number Code 77.040.30 (Chemical analysis of metals) DOI: 10.1520/D1971-11 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef. ASTM D1971The following editions for this book are also available...This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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