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Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings from Terrorist Attack, 2008
- FRONT COVER
- TITLE PAGE
- FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS
[Go to Page]
- BACKGROUND [Go to Page]
- OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
- LIMITATIONS
- INTENDED AUDIENCE
- CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- 1 INTEGRATED INCREMENTAL BUILDING PROTECTION
- 1.1 What is Integrated Incremental Building Protection
- 1.1.1 Integration of Terrorism Risk Reduction in the Facility Management Process
- 1.1.2 Incremental Approach Distributes Cost over Time and Avoids Added Disruption
- 1.1.3 Risk Reduction Decisions
- 1.2 Potential Threats
- 1.2.1 Explosive Threats
- 1.2.2 CBR Threats [Go to Page]
- 1.2.2.1 Chemical Agents [Go to Page]
- 1.2.2.2 Biological Agents
- 1.2.2.3 Radiological Threats
- 1.3 Terrorism Risk Reduction
- 1.3.1 Categories of Risk Reduction Increments
- 1.3.2 Implementation Considerations
- 1.4 Special Issues Related to Existing Commercial Buildings
- 1.5 Commercial Building Classifications
- 1.6 Facility Management Process for Existing Commercial Buildings
- 1.6.1 The Acquisition Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.2 The Redevelopment Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.3 The Current Building Use Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.4 The Planning Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.5 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Budgeting Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.6 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Funding Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.6.7 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Implementation Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
- 1.7 Planning and Managing Incremental Terrorism Risk Reduction
- 1.7.1 Step 1—Conduct a Due Diligence Terrorism Risk Assessment
- 1.7.2 Step 2—Identify and Implement Initial Increment Integration Opportunities
- 1.7.3 Step 3—Assess Terrorism Risk
- 1.7.4 Step 4—Develop a Security Master Plan
- 1.7.5 Step 5—Plan Incremental Rehabilitation for Specific Buildings
- 1.7.6 Step 6—Stage Rehabilitation Increments
- 1.7.7 Step 7—Coordinate with Tenant Work
- 1.7.8 Step 8—Define Budget Packaging
- 1.7.9 Step 9—Implement Integrated Incremental Rehabilitation Project Management
- 1.8 Terrorism Risk Assessment to Terrorism Risk Reduction
- 2 MOVING FROM RISK ASSESSMENT TO IMPLEMENTATION
- 2.1 Risk Assessment Process
- 2.1.1 Levels of Vulnerability Assessment
- 2.1.2 The Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist
- 2.2 Scheduling Increments: Physical Protection and Strengthening Measures and Operational (Protective and Control) Measures
- 2.2.1 Physical Protection and Strengthening Measures
- 2.2.2 Operational Measures
- 2.3 Identifying Integration Opportunities for Incremental Building Protection
- 3 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK
REDUCTION RELATED TO BLASTS
- 3.1 Selected Examples of Terrorist Attacks on Buildings
- 3.1.1 Baltic Exchange, City of London, April 1992
- 3.1.2 World Trade Center, New York City, February 1993
- 3.1.3 Bishopsgate, City of London, April 1993
- 3.1.4 Town Center, Manchester, England, June 1996
- 3.2 Performance Standards
- 3.3 Site Incremental Upgrades: Perimeter Protection
- 3.4 Incremental Building Rehabilitation Measures
- 3.4.1 Building Envelope
- 3.4.2 Fragment Retention Film
- 3.4.3 Laminated Glass
- 3.4.4 Blast Curtains
- 3.4.5 Glazing Catch Cable/Bar Retrofit
- 3.4.6 Energy-Absorbing Catch Cable Systems
- 3.4.7 Unreinforced Masonry Wall Debris Control
- 3.4.8 Other Facade Retrofits
- 3.5 Nonstructural Members
- 3.6 Structural Retrofits
- 3.6.1 Columns
- 3.6.2 Floor Systems
- 3.6.3 Load-Bearing Unreinforced Masonry Walls
- 3.6.4 Transfer Girders
- 3.7 Blast Protection Measures
- 3.8 Blast Protection Measure Cost Considerations
- PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK REDUCTION RELATED TO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL THREATS
- 4.1 Overview of CBR Threats
- 4.2 Principles of Design for Risk Reduction Related to CBR
- 4.3 Prioritization of CBR Vulnerabilities: Incremental Improvements
- 4.3.1 Level 1, Operational Measures and Expedient Protection
- 4.3.2 Level 2, Enhanced Physical Security
- 4.3.3 Level 3, Enhanced Sheltering in Place
- 4.3.4 Level 4, Aerosol Filtration, Medium Level
- 4.3.5 Level 5, Gas-Phase Filtration, Medium Level
- 4.3.6 Level 6, Aerosol Filtration, High Level
- 4.3.7 Level 7, Gas-Phase Filtration, High Level
- 4.4 Design Guidance for CBR Protective Levels
- 4.4.1 Level 1, Operational Measures and Expedient Protection [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.1.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.2 Level 2, Physical Security [Go to Page]
- 4.4.2.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.2.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.2.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.3 Level 3, Enhanced Safe Rooms and Isolated Zones [Go to Page]
- 4.4.3.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.3.2 Methods
- 4.4.3.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.4 Level 4, Aerosol Filtration, Medium Level [Go to Page]
- 4.4.4.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.4.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.4.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.5 Level 5, Gas-Phase Filtration, Medium Level [Go to Page]
- 4.4.5.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.5.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.5.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.6 Level 6, Aerosol Filtration, High Level [Go to Page]
- 4.4.6.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.6.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.6.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.4.7 Level 7, Gas-Phase Filtration, High Level [Go to Page]
- 4.4.7.1 Scope and Capabilities [Go to Page]
- 4.4.7.2 Methods and Requirements
- 4.4.7.3 Cost Considerations
- 4.5 SUMMARY
- 4.6 CBR Protection Measures
- PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK REDUCTION RELATED TO OPERATIONAL SECURITY MEASURES
- 5.1 Overview of Operational Security Measures
- 5.2 Detection and Assessment Measures
- 5.2.1 Exterior Intrusion Detection Systems
- 5.2.2 Interior Intrusion Detection Systems
- 5.2.3 Video Assessment and Surveillance Systems
- 5.2.4 Access Control Systems
- 5.2.5 Vehicle Inspection Systems
- 5.2.6 Duress Alarms
- 5.2.7 Mail/Package Screening
- 5.3 Interdiction/Response Measures
- 5.3.1 Guard Force – Detection/Delay Role
- 5.3.2 Guard Force – Respond/Interdiction Role
- 5.3.3 Response Force Contingency Planning
- 5.4 Procedural Measures
- 5.4.1 Restricted Areas
- 5.4.2 Parking and Traffic Controls
- 5.4.3 Restrict Access to Facility Information
- 5.4.4 Encourage Employee Support
- 5.5 Preparedness Measures
- 5.5.1 Develop a Disaster Preparedness Plan
- 5.5.2 Conduct Risk Assessments
- 5.5.3 Develop Mass Notification Systems
- 5.5.4 Evacuation Planning and Shelter in Place Preparation
- 5.5.5 Monitor Emergency Systems and Resources
- 5.5.6 Conduct Training Drills and Exercises
- 5.6 Security Master Planning
- 5.7 Additional Aspects of Operational Security Measures Related to Blast Events
- 5.7.1 Establish an Explosive Detection Program
- 5.7.2 Establish Bomb Threat Procedures
- 5.7.3 Establish Blast-Related Mail/Package Handling Procedures
- 5.8 Additional Aspects of Operational Security Measures Related to CBR Events
- 5.8.1 Prevent Access, and Secure and Monitor Outdoor Air Intakes
- 5.8.2 Establish CBR-Related Mail/Package Handling Procedures
- 5.8.3 Additional Measures
- 5.9 Prioritization of Operational Security Considerations
- 5.9.1 Retail Buildings
- 5.9.2 Office Buildings
- 5.9.3 Multi-Family Apartment Buildings
- 5.9.4 Hotel Security Measures
- 5.10 Incremental Integration of Operational and Physical Security Measures into a Risk Reduction Program: Flexibility and Tradeoffs
- 5.11 Operational Security Protection Measures
- 5.11.1 Physical Protection and Strengthening Buildings
- 5.11.2 Operational Measures
- 5.11.3 Operational Measures Categorized into the Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
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