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ASME MFC-1M Glossary of Terms used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes , 2003
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- STANDARDS COMMITTEE ROSTER
- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEE
- 1 GENERAL [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Organization
- 1.3 References
- 2 GENERAL TERMS IN FLUID MECHANICS [Go to Page]
- 2.1 Base Pressure
- 2.2 Base Temperature
- 2.3 Base Volume
- 2.4 Cavitation
- 2.5 Coanda Effect
- 2.6 Doppler Effect
- 2.7 Dynamic Pressure
- 2.8 Flashing
- 2.9 Flow Conditioner [Go to Page]
- 2.9.1 Flow Straightener
- 2.9.2 Profile Regulator
- 2.10 Flow Rate [Go to Page]
- 2.10.1 Base Flow Rate
- 2.10.2 Mass Flow Rate, qm
- 2.10.3 Volume Flow Rate, qv
- 2.11 Gage Pressure
- 2.12 Hydraulic Diameter
- 2.13 Isentropic Exponent, kappa
- 2.14 Laminar Flow
- 2.15 Mach Number, Ma or M
- 2.16 Nondimensional Relative Velocity, v*
- 2.17 Pipe [Go to Page]
- 2.17.1 Irregularity of a Pipe
- 2.17.2 Pipe Roughness
- 2.17.3 Straight Length
- 2.18 Pulsating Flow of Mean Constant Flow Rate
- 2.19 Ratio of the Specific Heat Capacities, gamma
- 2.20 Reynolds Number, Re [Go to Page]
- 2.20.1 Meter Bore Reynolds Number
- 2.20.2 Throat Reynolds Number
- 2.21 Stagnation Pressure
- 2.22 Stagnation Temperature of a Gas
- 2.23 Static Pressure
- 2.24 Static Temperature of a Gas
- 2.25 Steady Flow
- 2.26 Strouhal Number, St
- 2.27 Total Pressure
- 2.28 Transition Flow
- 2.29 Turbulent Flow
- 2.30 Unsteady Flow
- 2.31 Velocity Distribution [Go to Page]
- 2.31.1 Flow Profile
- 2.31.2 Fully Developed Velocity Distribution
- 2.31.3 Swirling Flow
- 3 UNCERTAINTIES [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Accuracy
- 3.2 Average Value, X
- 3.3 Bias, beta
- 3.4 Bias Limit, B
- 3.5 Bias of Estimator
- 3.6 Calibration
- 3.7 Calibration, End-to-End
- 3.8 Calibration Hierarchy
- 3.9 Confidence Coefficient; Confidence Level
- 3.10 Control Chart
- 3.11 Correlation Coefficient, r
- 3.12 Coverage
- 3.13 Degrees of Freedom, nu
- 3.14 Elemental Error
- 3.15 Estimate
- 3.16 Estimator
- 3.17 Frequency Distribution
- 3.18 Identical
- 3.19 Joint Distribution Function
- 3.20 Laboratory Standard Standard
- 3.21 Mathematical Model
- 3.22 Measurement Error
- 3.23 Method of Least Squares
- 3.24 Multiple Measurement
- 3.25 Normal Distribution
- 3.26 Observed Value
- 3.27 One-Sided Confidence Interval
- 3.28 Parameter
- 3.29 Population
- 3.30 Population Parameter
- 3.31 Precision
- 3.32 Precision Error
- 3.33 Precision Index, S
- 3.34 Quality Control
- 3.35 Random Error
- 3.36 Random Uncertainty
- 3.37 Regression
- 3.38 Repeatability Qualitative
- 3.39 Repeatability Quantitative
- 3.40 Reproducibility Quantitative
- 3.41 Sample Size, N
- 3.42 Sampling Error
- 3.43 Standard Deviation, sigma
- 3.44 Standard Error
- 3.45 Standard Error of Estimate, SEE
- 3.46 Standard Error of the Mean, Sx
- 3.47 Statistic
- 3.48 Statistical Confidence Interval
- 3.49 Statistical Quality Control
- 3.50 Statistical Quality Control Charts
- 3.51 Student's t-Distribution, t
- 3.52 Systematic Error
- 3.53 Systematic Uncertainty
- 3.54 Taylor Series
- 3.55 Test
- 3.56 Total Estimation Error
- 3.57 Traceability
- 3.58 Transducer
- 3.59 Transfer Standard
- 3.60 True Value
- 3.61 Unbiased Estimator
- 3.62 Uncertainty of Measurement
- 3.63 Uncertainty Interval, U
- 3.64 Variance, sigma sup.2
- 3.65 Working Standard
- 4 GENERAL TERMS RELATED TO FLOWMETERS [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Drain Holes
- 4.2 Flowmeter [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Flowmeter Primary Device
- 4.2.2 Flowmeter Secondary Device
- 4.3 Flow Rate Range [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Maximum Flow Rate
- 4.3.2 Minimum Flow Rate
- 4.4 Measuring Point
- 4.5 Pressure Loss Caused by a Primary Device
- 4.6 Primary Velocity Measuring Device
- 4.7 Proving
- 4.8 Rangeability Turndown
- 4.9 Reversible Meter
- 4.10 Velocity Profile Correction Factor, S
- 4.11 Vent Holes
- 4.12 Working Pressure Flowing Pressure
- 4.13 Working Temperature Flowing Temperature
- 5 QUANTITY METER [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Diaphragm Meter
- 5.2 Liquid-Sealed Drum
- 5.3 Nutating Disk
- 5.4 Reciprocating Piston
- 5.5 Rotary Meter [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Rotary Positive Displacement Meter Lobed Impeller
- 5.5.2 Rotary Positive Displacement Meter Piston or Vane Type
- 5.6 Weighing and Volumetric Meters [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 Weighing Method [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1.1 Static Weighing
- 5.6.1.2 Dynamic Weighing
- 5.6.1.3 Buoyancy Correction
- 5.6.1.4 Flow Stabilizer
- 5.6.2 Volumetric Method [Go to Page]
- 5.6.2.1 Piston Prover
- 5.6.2.2 Bell Prover
- 5.6.2.3 Liquid Displacement System
- 5.6.3 Diverter
- 5.6.4 Constant Level Tank
- 5.6.5 Volumetric Tank
- 6 RATE METER [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Differential Pressure Device [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 General Terms [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1.1 Acoustic Ratio, X
- 6.1.1.2 Annular Chamber
- 6.1.1.3 Diameter Ratio of a Primary Device Used in a Given Pipe, beta
- 6.1.1.4 Differential Pressure, Deltap
- 6.1.1.5 Differential Pressure Ratio, x
- 6.1.1.6 Discharge Coefficient, C
- 6.1.1.7 Expansion Expansibility Factor for Compressible Fluid, epsilon
- 6.1.1.8 Flow Coefficient, alpha
- 6.1.1.9 Lead Line
- 6.1.1.10 Orifice or Throat
- 6.1.1.11 Piezometer Ring
- 6.1.1.12 Pressure Ratio
- 6.1.1.13 Pressure Taps Piezometer Taps [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1.13.1 Wall Taps
- 6.1.1.13.2 Corner Taps
- 6.1.1.13.3 Flange Taps
- 6.1.1.13.4 Vena Contracta Taps
- 6.1.1.13.5 D and D/2 Pressure Taps
- 6.1.1.14 Primary Device of a Differential Pressure Device
- 6.1.1.15 Seal Pot
- 6.1.1.16 Velocity of Approach Factor
- 6.1.2 Orifice Plate. [Go to Page]
- 6.1.2.1 Conical Entrance Orifice Plate
- 6.1.2.2 Eccentric Orifice Plate
- 6.1.2.3 Quarter Circle Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate
- 6.1.2.4 Segmental Orifice Plate
- 6.1.2.5 Thin Orifice Plate
- 6.1.3 Orifice Fitting
- 6.1.4 Nozzle [Go to Page]
- 6.1.4.1 ISA 1932 Nozzle
- 6.1.4.2 Long Radius Nozzle
- 6.1.5 Venturi Tube [Go to Page]
- 6.1.5.1 Classical Venturi Tube
- 6.1.5.2 Nozzle Venturi Tube
- 6.1.5.3 Truncated Venturi Tube
- 6.1.6 Elbow Meter
- 6.1.7 Critical Venturi Nozzle
- 6.1.8 Throat
- 6.2 Critical Flow Devices [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Choking Pressure Ratio
- 6.2.2 Critical Flow
- 6.2.3 Critical Pressure Ratio
- 6.2.4 Isentropic Perfect Gas Critical Flow Function, C*i
- 6.2.5 Isentropic Real Gas Critical Flow Function, CRi
- 6.2.6 Real Gas Critical Flow Coefficient, CR
- 6.2.7 Sonic Nozzle [Go to Page]
- 6.2.7.1 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: Smith and Matz Type
- 6.2.7.2 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: LMEF Type
- 6.3 Velocity Area Methods [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Current Meter [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1.1 Propeller-Type Current Meter
- 6.3.1.2 Relative Velocity
- 6.3.1.3 Self-Compensating Propeller
- 6.3.1.4 Spin Test of a Current Meter
- 6.3.2 Discharge Velocity
- 6.3.3 Peripheral Flow Annular Flow
- 6.3.4 Pitot Tube [Go to Page]
- 6.3.4.1 Differential Pressure of a Pitot Tube
- 6.3.4.2 Pitot-Static Tube
- 6.3.4.3 Reversible Cole Pitometer
- 6.3.4.4 Static Pressure Tap
- 6.3.4.5 Total Pressure Pitot Tube
- 6.3.4.6 Total Pressure Tap
- 6.3.4.7 Stationary Rake
- 6.3.4.8 Yaw Probe
- 6.3.5 Area Meters
- 6.3.6 Velocity Meters [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.1 Electromagnetic Flowmeter [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.1.1 Calibration Factor of the Primary Device
- 6.3.6.1.2 Electrode Signal [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.1.2.1 Common Mode Voltage
- 6.3.6.1.2.2 Flow Signal
- 6.3.6.1.2.3 In-Phase Voltage
- 6.3.6.1.2.4 Quadrature Voltage
- 6.3.6.1.2.5 Reference Signal
- 6.3.6.1.3 Magnetic Field
- 6.3.6.1.4 Meter Electrodes
- 6.3.6.1.5 Meter Tube
- 6.3.6.1.6 Output Signal
- 6.3.6.1.7 Primary Device of an Electromagnetic Flowmeter
- 6.3.6.1.8 Secondary Device of an Electromagnetic Flowmeter
- 6.3.6.2 Tracer Methods [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.2.1 Concentration
- 6.3.6.2.2 Counting Rate for a Radioactive Tracer
- 6.3.6.2.3 Dilution Methods [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.2.3.1 Constant Rate Injection Method
- 6.3.6.2.3.2 Integration Method
- 6.3.6.2.4 Dilution Rate or Ratio, N
- 6.3.6.2.5 Injection Cross Section Station
- 6.3.6.2.6 Measuring or Measurement Section
- 6.3.6.2.7 Mixing Length
- 6.3.6.2.8 Sampling Cross Section Station
- 6.3.6.2.9 Transit Time Method
- 6.3.6.2.10 Transit Time of the Tracer Cloud
- 6.3.6.3 Turbine Meter. [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.3.1 Flowing Pressure
- 6.3.6.3.2 Flowing Temperature
- 6.3.6.3.3 Meter Pressure Tap
- 6.3.6.3.4 Rated Conditions
- 6.3.6.4 Ultrasonic Flowmeter [Go to Page]
- 6.3.6.4.1 Acoustic Matching Layer
- 6.3.6.4.2 Acoustic Path
- 6.3.6.4.3 Axial Flow Velocity, Vax
- 6.3.6.4.4 Clamp-on-Meter
- 6.3.6.4.5 Cross Flow Velocity
- 6.3.6.4.6 Gaussian Quadrature
- 6.3.6.4.7 Nonrefractive System
- 6.3.6.4.8 Phase-Shift Meter
- 6.3.6.4.9 Refractive System
- 6.3.6.4.10 Sing Around
- 6.3.6.4.11 Transit Time
- 6.3.7 Beam-Deflection Meter
- 6.4 Pressure Tap Connection [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Containment
- 6.4.2 Codes
- 6.4.3 Specification Break
- 6.4.4 Pressure Test
- 6.4.5 Inspection
- 6.4.6 Rod Out
- 6.4.7 Valve Orientation
- 6.4.8 Manifold
- 6.4.9 Valve Arrangement
- 6.5 Mass Methods [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 Coriolis Meters [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1.1 Zero Offset
- 6.5.1.2 Zero Stability
- 6.5.1.3 Cross-Talk
- 6.5.1.4 Flow Sensor Primary Device
- 6.5.1.5 Oscillating Tubes
- 6.5.1.6 Drive System
- 6.5.1.7 Measurement Sensor
- 6.5.1.8 Supporting Structure
- 6.5.1.9 Housing
- 6.5.1.10 Secondary Containment
- 6.5.1.11 Transmitter Secondary Device
- 6.5.1.12 Calibration Factors
- 6.5.1.13 Flow Calibration Factors
- 6.5.1.14 Density Calibration Factors
- 7 OTHER TYPES OF METERS [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Cross-Correlation Meter
- 7.2 Doppler Meter
- 7.3 Vortex Flowmeter [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Fade
- 7.3.2 K Factor
- 7.3.3 Linearity
- 7.3.4 Lowest Local Pressure
- 7.3.5 Meter Factor
- 7.3.6 Response Time
- 7.3.7 Vortex-Shedding Meter
- 7.3.8 Vortex Precession Meter
- FIGURES [Go to Page]
- 1 Bias in a Random Process
- 2 Correlation Coefficients
- 3 Examples of Rotary Displacement Meters
- 4 Piston Provers
- 5 Bell Prover
- 6 Liquid Displacement System
- 7 Piezometer Ring
- 8 Orifice Plates
- 9 Nozzles
- 10 Classical Venturi Tube
- 11 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: Smith and Matz Type
- 12 Sonic Venturi Nozzle: LMEF Type
- 13 Primary and Secondary at Same Elevation, Preferred Installation
- 14 Three Valve Manifold, Schematic
- 15 Details, Block Valve Interference
- 16 Principle of Operation of the Cross-Correlation Ultrasonic Meter
- 17 Principle of Operation of the Doppler Ultrasonic Meter
- 18 Example of a K Factor Curve
- TABLE [Go to Page]
- 1 Symbols
- INDEXES [Go to Page]
- NUMERICAL
- ALPHABETICAL [Go to Page]