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363R-10 Report on High-Strength Concrete, 2010
- MAIN MENU
- MAIN MENU
- CONTENTS
- CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION
- CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION [Go to Page]
- 1.1— Historical background
- 1.1— Historical background
- 1.2—Definition of high-strength concrete
- 1.2—Definition of high-strength concrete
- 1.3—Scope of report
- 1.3—Scope of report
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION, DEFINITIONS, AND ACRONYMS
- CHAPTER 2— NOTATION, DEFINITIONS, AND ACRONYMS [Go to Page]
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.1— Notation
- 2.2—Definitions
- 2.2—Definitions
- 2.3—Acronyms
- 2.3—Acronyms
- CHAPTER 3— SELECTION OF MATERIAL
- CHAPTER 3— SELECTION OF MATERIAL [Go to Page]
- 3.1— Introduction
- 3.1— Introduction
- 3.2—Cementitious materials
- 3.2—Cementitious materials [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 Portland cement
- 3.2.1 Portland cement
- 3.2.2 Supplementary cementitious materials
- 3.2.2 Supplementary cementitious materials [Go to Page]
- 3.2.2.1 Fly ash
- 3.2.2.1 Fly ash
- 3.2.2.2 Silica fume
- 3.2.2.2 Silica fume
- 3.2.2.3 High-reactivity metakaolin
- 3.2.2.3 High-reactivity metakaolin
- 3.2.2.4 Slag cement
- 3.2.2.4 Slag cement
- 3.2.3 Evaluation and selection
- 3.2.3 Evaluation and selection
- 3.3—Admixtures
- 3.3—Admixtures [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1 General
- 3.3.1 General
- 3.3.2 Chemical admixtures
- 3.3.2 Chemical admixtures [Go to Page]
- 3.3.2.1 Retarding chemical admixtures (ASTM C494/C494M, Types B and D)
- 3.3.2.1 Retarding chemical admixtures (ASTM C494/C494M, Types B and D)
- 3.3.2.2 Normal-setting chemical admixtures (ASTMC494/C494M, Type A)
- 3.3.2.2 Normal-setting chemical admixtures (ASTMC494/C494M, Type A)
- 3.3.2.3 High-range water-reducing chemical admixtures(ASTM C494/C494M, Types F and G)
- 3.3.2.3 High-range water-reducing chemical admixtures(ASTM C494/C494M, Types F and G)
- 3.3.2.4 Accelerating chemical admixtures (ASTM C494/C494M, Types C and E)
- 3.3.2.4 Accelerating chemical admixtures (ASTM C494/C494M, Types C and E)
- 3.3.2.5 Air-entraining admixtures (ASTM C260)
- 3.3.2.5 Air-entraining admixtures (ASTM C260)
- 3.3.2.6 Chemical admixture combinations
- 3.3.2.6 Chemical admixture combinations
- 3.4—Aggregates
- 3.4—Aggregates [Go to Page]
- 3.4.1 General
- 3.4.1 General
- 3.4.2 Fine aggregate
- 3.4.2 Fine aggregate
- 3.4.3 Coarse aggregate
- 3.4.3 Coarse aggregate [Go to Page]
- 3.4.3.1 Paste-aggregate homogeneity
- 3.4.3.1 Paste-aggregate homogeneity
- 3.4.4 Intrinsic aggregate strength
- 3.4.4 Intrinsic aggregate strength
- 3.5—Water
- 3.5—Water
- CHAPTER 4— CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONS
- CHAPTER 4— CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONS [Go to Page]
- 4.1— Introduction
- 4.1— Introduction
- 4.2—Strength required
- 4.2—Strength required [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 ACI 318
- 4.2.1 ACI 318
- 4.2.2 ACI 214R
- 4.2.2 ACI 214R
- 4.2.3 Other requirements
- 4.2.3 Other requirements
- 4.3—Test age
- 4.3—Test age [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Early age
- 4.3.1 Early age
- 4.3.2 Twenty-eight days
- 4.3.2 Twenty-eight days
- 4.3.3 Later age
- 4.3.3 Later age
- 4.3.4 Test age in relationship to curing
- 4.3.4 Test age in relationship to curing
- 4.4—Water-cementitious material ratio
- 4.4—Water-cementitious material ratio [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 Nature of w/cm in high-strength concrete
- 4.4.1 Nature of w/cm in high-strength concrete
- 4.4.2 Estimating compressive strength
- 4.4.2 Estimating compressive strength
- 4.5—Cementitious material content
- 4.5—Cementitious material content [Go to Page]
- 4.5.1 Cement strength
- 4.5.1 Cement strength
- 4.5.2 Optimization
- 4.5.2 Optimization
- 4.5.3 Limiting factors
- 4.5.3 Limiting factors
- 4.6—Air entrainment
- 4.6—Air entrainment [Go to Page]
- 4.6.1 Resistance to freezing and thawing
- 4.6.1 Resistance to freezing and thawing
- 4.6.2 Effect on strength
- 4.6.2 Effect on strength
- 4.7—Aggregate proportions
- 4.7—Aggregate proportions [Go to Page]
- 4.7.1 Fine aggregates
- 4.7.1 Fine aggregates
- 4.7.2 Coarse aggregates
- 4.7.2 Coarse aggregates
- 4.7.3 Proportioning aggregates
- 4.7.3 Proportioning aggregates
- 4.8—Proportioning with supplementary cementitious materials and chemical admixtures
- 4.8—Proportioning with supplementary cementitious materials and chemical admixtures [Go to Page]
- 4.8.1 Supplementary cementitious materials
- 4.8.1 Supplementary cementitious materials
- 4.8.2 Chemical admixtures
- 4.8.2 Chemical admixtures [Go to Page]
- 4.8.2.1 Conventional and mid-range water-reducingadmixtures (MRWRAs)
- 4.8.2.1 Conventional and mid-range water-reducingadmixtures (MRWRAs)
- 4.8.2.2 High-range water-reducing admixtures(HRWRAs)
- 4.8.2.2 High-range water-reducing admixtures(HRWRAs)
- 4.8.3 Combinations
- 4.8.3 Combinations
- 4.9—Workability
- 4.9—Workability [Go to Page]
- 4.9.1 Consistency
- 4.9.1 Consistency
- 4.9.2 Placeability
- 4.9.2 Placeability
- 4.9.3 Flow properties and cohesion
- 4.9.3 Flow properties and cohesion
- 4.10—Trial batches
- 4.10—Trial batches [Go to Page]
- 4.10.1 Laboratory trial batch investigations
- 4.10.1 Laboratory trial batch investigations
- 4.10.2 Field-production trial batches
- 4.10.2 Field-production trial batches
- CHAPTER 5— ORDERING, BATCHING, MIXING, TRANSPORTING, PLACING, CURING, AND QUALITY- CONTROL PROCEDURES
- CHAPTER 5— ORDERING, BATCHING, MIXING, TRANSPORTING, PLACING, CURING, AND QUALITY- CONTROL PROCEDURES [Go to Page]
- 5.1— Introduction
- 5.1— Introduction
- 5.2—Ordering
- 5.2—Ordering [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Batch size
- 5.2.1 Batch size
- 5.2.2 Lead time
- 5.2.2 Lead time
- 5.3—Batching
- 5.3—Batching [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Control, handling, and storage of materials
- 5.3.1 Control, handling, and storage of materials
- 5.3.2 Measuring
- 5.3.2 Measuring
- 5.3.3 Charging of materials
- 5.3.3 Charging of materials
- 5.4—Mixing
- 5.4—Mixing [Go to Page]
- 5.4.2 Mixer performance
- 5.4.2 Mixer performance
- 5.4.3 Mixing time
- 5.4.3 Mixing time
- 5.5—Transporting
- 5.5—Transporting [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 General considerations
- 5.5.1 General considerations
- 5.5.2 Truck-mixed concrete
- 5.5.2 Truck-mixed concrete
- 5.5.3 Stationary truck body with and without agitator
- 5.5.3 Stationary truck body with and without agitator
- 5.5.4 Pumping
- 5.5.4 Pumping
- 5.5.5 Belt conveyor
- 5.5.5 Belt conveyor
- 5.6—Placing procedures
- 5.6—Placing procedures [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 Preparations
- 5.6.1 Preparations
- 5.6.2 Equipment
- 5.6.2 Equipment
- 5.6.3 Consolidation
- 5.6.3 Consolidation
- 5.6.4 Special considerations
- 5.6.4 Special considerations
- 5.7—Curing
- 5.7—Curing [Go to Page]
- 5.7.1 Need for curing
- 5.7.1 Need for curing
- 5.7.2 Type of curing
- 5.7.2 Type of curing
- 5.7.3 Methods of curing
- 5.7.3 Methods of curing
- 5.8—Quality control and testing
- 5.8—Quality control and testing [Go to Page]
- 5.8.1 Introduction
- 5.8.1 Introduction
- 5.8.2 Planning
- 5.8.2 Planning
- 5.8.3 Quality assurance and quality control
- 5.8.3 Quality assurance and quality control [Go to Page]
- 5.8.3.1 Concrete plant
- 5.8.3.1 Concrete plant
- 5.8.3.2 Delivery
- 5.8.3.2 Delivery
- 5.8.3.3 Placing
- 5.8.3.3 Placing
- 5.8.4 Testing
- 5.8.4 Testing
- CHAPTER 6— PROPERTIES OF HIGH- STRENGTH CONCRETE
- CHAPTER 6— PROPERTIES OF HIGH- STRENGTH CONCRETE [Go to Page]
- 6.1— Introduction
- 6.1— Introduction
- 6.2—Stress-strain behavior in uniaxial compression
- 6.2—Stress-strain behavior in uniaxial compression
- 6.3—Modulus of elasticity
- 6.3—Modulus of elasticity
- 6.4—Poisson’s ratio
- 6.4—Poisson’s ratio
- 6.5—Modulus of rupture
- 6.5—Modulus of rupture
- 6.6—Splitting tensile strength
- 6.6—Splitting tensile strength
- 6.7—Fatigue behavior
- 6.7—Fatigue behavior
- 6.8—Unit density
- 6.8—Unit density
- 6.9—Thermal properties
- 6.9—Thermal properties
- 6.10—Heat evolution due to hydration
- 6.10—Heat evolution due to hydration
- 6.11—Strength gain with age
- 6.11—Strength gain with age
- 6.12—Resistance to freezing and thawing
- 6.12—Resistance to freezing and thawing
- 6.13—Abrasion resistance
- 6.13—Abrasion resistance
- 6.14—Shrinkage
- 6.14—Shrinkage
- 6.15—Creep
- 6.15—Creep
- 6.16—Permeability
- 6.16—Permeability
- 6.17—Scaling resistance
- 6.17—Scaling resistance
- 6.18—Fire resistance
- 6.18—Fire resistance
- CHAPTER 7— STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- CHAPTER 7— STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [Go to Page]
- 7.1— Introduction
- 7.1— Introduction
- 7.2—Concentrically loaded columns
- 7.2—Concentrically loaded columns [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Axial strength
- 7.2.1 Axial strength
- 7.2.2 Effects of confinement reinforcement
- 7.2.2 Effects of confinement reinforcement
- 7.2.3 Cyclic and dynamic loading
- 7.2.3 Cyclic and dynamic loading
- 7.2.4 Sustained loading
- 7.2.4 Sustained loading
- 7.3—Beams and one-way slabs
- 7.3—Beams and one-way slabs [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Flexural strength
- 7.3.1 Flexural strength
- 7.3.2 Limiting compressive strain and section ductility
- 7.3.2 Limiting compressive strain and section ductility
- 7.3.3 Shear and diagonal tension
- 7.3.3 Shear and diagonal tension
- 7.3.4 Torsion
- 7.3.4 Torsion
- 7.3.5 Bond, anchorage, and development length
- 7.3.5 Bond, anchorage, and development length
- 7.3.6 Cracking
- 7.3.6 Cracking
- 7.3.7 Deflections
- 7.3.7 Deflections
- 7.3.8 Cyclic loading
- 7.3.8 Cyclic loading
- 7.4—Prestressed concrete beams
- 7.4—Prestressed concrete beams [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Allowable stresses
- 7.4.1 Allowable stresses
- 7.4.2 Prestress losses
- 7.4.2 Prestress losses
- 7.4.3 Time-dependent deflections
- 7.4.3 Time-dependent deflections
- 7.4.4 Transfer and development length of strand
- 7.4.4 Transfer and development length of strand
- 7.5—Eccentrically loaded columns
- 7.5—Eccentrically loaded columns [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 Combined flexural and axial loads for short columns
- 7.5.1 Combined flexural and axial loads for short columns
- 7.5.2 Slenderness effects
- 7.5.2 Slenderness effects
- CHAPTER 8— ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
- CHAPTER 8— ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS [Go to Page]
- 8.1— Introduction
- 8.1— Introduction
- 8.2—Cost studies
- 8.2—Cost studies [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 Buildings
- 8.2.1 Buildings
- 8.2.2 Bridges
- 8.2.2 Bridges
- 8.3—Selection of materials
- 8.3—Selection of materials
- 8.4—Quality control
- 8.4—Quality control
- 8.5—Conclusions
- 8.5—Conclusions
- CHAPTER 9— APPLICATIONS
- CHAPTER 9— APPLICATIONS [Go to Page]
- 9.1— Introduction
- 9.1— Introduction
- 9.2—Buildings
- 9.2—Buildings
- 9.3—Bridges
- 9.3—Bridges
- 9.4—Offshore structures
- 9.4—Offshore structures
- 9.5—Other applications
- 9.5—Other applications
- CHAPTER 10— SUMMARY
- CHAPTER 10— SUMMARY
- CHAPTER 11— REFERENCES
- CHAPTER 11— REFERENCES [Go to Page]
- 11.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 11.1— Referenced standards and reports
- 11.2—Cited references
- 11.2—Cited references [Go to Page]